THE PINE INVESTIGATION. 



339 



the timber that was then alive would be attacked and destroyed 

 the following spring, summer and fall. 



OBSERVATIONS DURING THE SPRING, SUMMER AND FALL OF 1893. 

 CONDITIONS IN MONONGALIA COUNTY ; SCRUB, PITCH 

 AND YELLOW PINE. 



On March 27th and April 3d, 1893, I visited the Tibbs Run 

 forest and Mayfield Hill Grove, where I found that the scrub, 

 pitch and yellow pine 

 that had died the previ- 

 ous summer and fall, had 

 not shed their dead leaves, 

 and the bark on the base 

 of the trunks was yet liv- 

 ing. Other trees that had 

 apparently been dead one 

 year had shed their leaves, 

 but the smaller twigs had 

 not fallen, while some of 

 the scrub pine trees in 

 the Mayfield Hill Grove 

 that were attacked in 

 July and November, 1892, 

 were still living. A por- 

 tion of the bark was dead 

 on others, but the leaves 

 had not changed color. 



The trees that had died the previous spring contained no' 

 bark beetles, but the bark, both outer and inner, was in- 

 fested with large, bark boring grubs, and the wood with 

 timber beetles and wood borers. In the trees that died 

 during August and the fall months, bark and timber 

 beetles and bark and wood boring insects occurred in 

 great numbers in all parts from the roots to the terminal 

 twigs, several species of bark beetles 1 having passed the winter 

 in the bark and the outer wood of the small branches and twigs, 



Fig. XL V. Pitch pine killed by the destruc- 

 tive pine bark beetle, one year after 

 attack. 



1. Tomicus cacographus, T. Calligraphus, Pityophthorus pulicarius and P. lautus. 



