350 WEST VIRGINIA EXPERIMENT STATION. 



some of the species of bark beetles more commonly met with 

 in the pine, were here found in considerable numbers raining 

 and depositing eggs in the living bark of spruce logs cut the 

 previous winter. 1 



There was one remarkable fact noted in all the dying and 

 dead spruce trees that were examined, as well as in the num- 

 erous logs cut from trees, that had recently died namely, that 

 while they had invariably been attacked by the destructive 

 bark beetle, which had thoroughly mined the bark on the up- 

 per portion of the trunk, very few trees were found in which 

 broods had developed ; even where the bark had died and 

 offered the best conditions for their breeding, no indications in 

 most cases were found of larvel mines. The greater number, 

 in fact almost all of the trees examined had been killed, or 

 their vitality impaired simply by the mining of the adults, the 

 final death resulting from the secondary attack of other bark 

 beetles, notably the spruce bark beetle, Polygraphua ruiipen- 

 nis. True some trees were found in which broods of Den- 

 droctonus frontalis had developed, but such examples were 

 quite rare, and in no case was a single living example of the 

 species found in the bark of any of the spruces, or flying in the 

 forests at this time. 



NORWAY SPRUCE IN MORGANTOWN. 



Upon my return to Morgantown on the 27th of May, I found 

 that the turpentine bark beetles had attacked and were then 

 mining in the bark of living, vigorous Norway spruces in town, 

 and especially in some large trees in an old cemetery near the 

 University, but none of them were dying. 



CONCLUSIONS FROm OBSERVATIONS IN THE SPRING OP 1893. 



In summing up the various features of the conditions as I 

 had observed them in the different sections of the State. 



I was led to form the following conclusions: 



1st. That the destructive pine bark beetle Dendroctonus 

 frontalis had been entirely exterminated, or its numbers so re- 



1. Tomicus cacographus, Tomicus avulsus and Tomicus caelatus were especially coin- 

 ion, while Gnathotrichue materiariue was frequent in the sapwood. 



