360 



WEST VIRGINIA EXPERIMENT STATION. 



ing and infested at this point by both bark and timber beetles ; 

 the water or sap was running from the holes in the bark made 

 by the timber beetles Gnathotrichus materiarius and Xyloterus 



lineatusi which was a 

 feature I had not pre- 

 viously observed. I could 

 flnd no satisfactory ex- 

 planation of this rather 

 remarkable and unnatur- 

 al occurrence. Living 

 and dying trees had been 

 previously observed at 

 almost all seasons of the 

 year that were attacked 

 in a similar manner, but 

 while it was a common 

 occurrence for the tur- 

 pentine to flow from such 

 wounds, at no time was 

 the water or sap observed 

 to flow. On the upper 

 portion of the trunk of 

 this tree numerous balls 

 of turpentine were ob- 

 served, thus indicating 

 the presence of the de- 

 structive pine bark bee- 

 tle. However, upon felling the tree and making a thor- 

 ough examination, it was found that the fresh balls of 

 turpentine were flowing from the entrance of brood gal- 

 leries excavated by the large Tomicus calligraphus. 

 Near the top at the usual point infested by the destruc- 

 tive bark beetles, it was found that a brood of Tomicus 

 pini had developed and many of the adults had emerged. The 

 brrk was dead and mined in all directions by the parent beetles 

 and their young. Old galleries of the destructive pine bark 

 beetles were found in the inner bark and old balls of turpentine 



Fig. XL VIII Dead white pine timber, on 

 Anthony's creek, Greenbrier county, in 

 1894, two or three years after it was killed 

 by the destructive pine bark beetle. 



