THE PINE INVESTIGATION. 



399 



preliminary galleries and often those of brood galleries, are 

 marked with masses of hardened or semi-liquid turpentine 

 through which a hole is kept open as long as this entrance is 

 utilized by the insect, Fig. LXXII. 



Side entrances or exits- These occur at intervals along 

 the line of the primary or brood gallery; and are 

 usually concealed by projecting flakes of bark. 

 When not in use, these openings are tightly packed 

 with borings. 



Nuptial chambers There appears to be nothing 

 at the entrance end of the gallery to correspond to 

 the so called nuptial chamber, but numerous pits 

 occur in the roof of the gallery which may be util- 

 ized for this purpose. 



Primary* secondary and brood galleries. These 

 are very characteristic in form and are 

 easily recognized, although it is seldom 

 Fig. Lxm-Gai possible to trace a finished gallery 



lery of Dendroc- . ... , rn . 



tonm frontaiis from the beginning to the end. Ihey 



showing side en- 

 trance and cav- are long, serpentine tracks through 



ities. 



the inner bark and crossing each other 

 at : Imost all angles or directions, and when num- 

 erous form a confused tangle. As near as I can 

 make out the preliminery galleries vary from two 

 or three inches to twelve inches in length, and 

 may nave one nr more secondary galleries branch 

 ing off' at irregular angles, and from one-half to 

 four or five inches in length. Both the primary 

 and secondary galleries are utilized for brood gal- 

 leries. 



Terminus of the main, or one of the secondary 

 galleries, is usually of a peculiar form as shown in 

 Fig. LXIV. No two arejust alike but all have a 

 general resemblance, which would indicate that Fig Lxiv-Term- 

 they are excavated for a special purpose; either l *Den$ncfowu* 

 for food, or as a kind of residence for the parent frontalis - 



