INSECT NOTES. 221 



to flowing would mean considerable expense. The same insect 

 was present at Charlotte upon apple trees but not to a great 

 extent. 



The Apple Maggot and the Codling Moth. Both these insects 

 are at work in this State to a regrettable and injurious extent. 

 There is considerable confusion among orchard owners as to- 

 the character and names of these two pests. The term " apple 

 maggot " is unfortunately applied indiscriminately to the larva of 

 " Trypeta " and the codling moth, and the term " railroad 

 worm " is not much more definite, especially if the trails extend 

 away from the surface of the apple. The present season one 

 man reported that nearly all his apples were " ruined by the 

 ' railroad worm ' or ' wire worm' as it is sometimes called." In 

 view of such confusion the following brief statement may not 

 be amiss. 



" Apple maggot," " railroad worm," and " Trypeta " should 

 all properly apply to the larva of a striped winged fly, Rhago- 

 letis (Trypeta) pomonella. This larva is a maggot, a small but 

 plump, white, footless object with head so ill defined that it is 

 difficult to find at all, and the mouth parts reduced to a pair of 

 hooks. The apple maggot works in soft discolored mushy trails 

 anywhere in the pulp of the apple. When these trails lie imme- 

 diately under the skin of pale skinned apples they show through 

 like tiny but clearly defined tracks, and the descriptive term 

 " railroad worm " has been given the maggot which travels 

 along these tracks. The trails of the apple maggot never con- 

 tain little round sawdust like pellets, and they do not extend into- 

 the core of the apple. 



The codling moth (Carpocapsa pomonella) is a true moth. 

 The fore wings are irregularly streaked with gray and brown, 

 and have a horseshoe marking of copper color at the inner angle. 

 The hind wings are of light yellowish brown. The moth 

 expands about three-fourths of an inch. The larva of this moth 

 is a tiny naked caterpillar with clearly defined head region and 

 three pairs of legs upon the segments immediately behind the 

 head. It has the ordinary biting mouth parts of other cater- 

 pillars and resembles the closely related leaf folding caterpillars 

 (Tortricids) in its motions, wiggling violently backward when 

 disturbed. The larva of the codling moth makes excavations in 

 the apple, extending them usually into the core itself. These 

 excavations always contain little, round, brown, sawdust-like, 

 pellets which are the excretions of the larva. 



