INSECT NOTES FOR 1912. 437 



Life history. In the south this species hibernates as an 

 immature insect but in the latitude of New Jersey and north- 

 ward it winters in the egg, which hatches on the approach of 

 spring. The species is not limited to the rose but thrives on 

 pear, strawberry, raspberry, blackberry, etc. In this State both 

 raspberries and blackberries are the principal sufferers. The 

 insect has a wide distribution extending from Canada to Florida 

 and westward to California. 



Remedies. If the old raspberry or blackberry canes are regu- 

 larly cleared out in the fall or spring but little trouble will be 

 experienced from this scale. 



FIG. 477 



* 



Lepidosaphes ulmi. 



OYSTER SHELL SCALE. 



Linnaeus. Syst. Nat. Ed. X. I, p. 455, 1758. 

 Herrick. Tech. Bui. No. 2, Miss. Agr. Exp. Sta., 1911. 



"Scale of female. The scale is dark colored, long, slender, often 

 curved and usually widest at the posterior end. It is tough, composed 

 of concentric layers and thus resembles an oyster shell. The exuviae 

 are yellowish or yellowish-brown and quite prominent. 2.5 mm. to 

 3 mm. in length. 



"Scale of male. It is like that of the female except smaller and the 

 posterior part lifts up like a flap for the exit of the male when full 

 grown. 



"Female. The body is long and slender with the abdominal segments 

 prominent. The median lobes are wide and prominent, stand far apart 

 ard have their edges straight and parallel. The distal ends are round 

 arcl prominently notched on each side. The mesal lobules of second 

 lobes larger. The third lobes are rudimentary. The plates are long 

 and pointed. There are two between each pair of lobes and two pairs 

 beyord the third lobes. There is a prominent marginal pore between 



