LIFE HISTORIES OF FROGHOPPERS OF MAINE. 



DESCRIPTION OF EARLY STAGES. 



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Egg: The egg is moderately elongate, irregularly elliptic, 

 about three times as long as broad, narrowing to one end, 

 slightly flattened, one side straight or slightly incurved the 

 other convexly curved, giving the egg a slightly curved appear- 

 ance. The shell is tough and hard and developed while the 

 eggs are still in the ovariole ducts. 



The first instar observed is from two to three millimeters 

 long, the head before the eyes strongly inflated semiglobose or 

 bulbous, polished, with faint arcs on the front. Antennae short, 

 8- or 9-jointed, first joint short, 2nd large, 3rd cylindric, 4th 

 to 9th tapering, eyes dark, a distinct transverse furrow or 

 suture across vertex between bases of antennae. Beak reach- 

 ing to third pair of legs. 



Fig. 38. Philaenus spumarius, a, young nymph; b, intermediate; c, 

 last instar, all enlarged; d, female; e, male, genitalia. (Original.) 



The second instar observed (possibly the 3rd in full series) 

 has the head cordate, front bulbous, a depressed suture from 

 antennal bases, forming a distinct transverse furrow, antennae 

 9-jointed; ist short, 2nd large, short cylindrical, 3rd longest 

 cylindrical, 4th to 9th tapering gradually to tip. Eyes dark 

 brown, reddish on the margins. Prothorax cylindrical; meso- 

 thorax expanded at sides to form beginning of wing pads, wider 

 than metathorax slightly produced posteriorly, tips reaching 

 nearly to hind border of the metathorax, hind border slightly 

 curved, metathorax slightly expanded at sides, hind border 



