Howard's Method of Reviving the Drowned. 



Rule i. Upon the nearest dry spot expose the patient to a free 

 current of air ; rip the clothing away from the waist and give a stinging 

 slap upon the pit of the stomach. If this fails to arouse the patient, 

 proceed to force and drain away the water which has entered the 

 stomach, according to Rule 2. 



Rule 2. Turn the patient upon his face, the pit of the stomach 

 being raised, upon a folded garment, above the level of the mouth. For 

 a moment or two make a steady pressure upon the back of the stomach 

 and chest, and repeat it once or twice until fluid ceases to flow from the 

 mouth. 



Rule 3. Quickly turn the patient upon his back, with a roll of 

 clothing beneath him so as to raise the lower part of the breast-bone 

 higher than the rest of the body. Kneel beside or astride of the patient, 

 and so place your hands upon either side of the pit of the stomach, 

 upon the front part of the lower ribs, that the fingers fall naturally in 

 the spaces between them and point toward ,the ground. Now grasping 

 the waist, and using your knees as a pivot, throw your whole weight for- 

 ward, as if you wished to force the contents of the chest and stomach 

 out of the mouth. Steadily increase the pressure while you count one, 

 two, three, then suddenly let go, with a final push which springs you into 

 an erect kneeling position. Remain erect upon your knees while you 

 count one, two, then throw your weight forward and proceed again as 

 before. Repeat the process at first about five times a minute, increasing 

 the rate gradually to about fifteen times a minute, and continue it witl 

 the regularity of the natural breathing which you are imitating. If 

 another person be present let him with the left hand hold the tip of the 

 tongue out of the left side of the mouth with the corner of a pocket 

 handkerchief, while with the right hand he grasps both wrists and pins 

 them to the ground above the patient's head. 



After-treatment. When breathing first returns, dash violently a 

 little cold water in the face. As soon as breathing has been perfectly 

 restored, strip and dry the patient rapidly and completely and wrap him 

 in blankets only. Give a hot stimulant, a teaspoon ful every five minutes 

 the first half hour and a tablespoonful every fifteen minutes for an 

 hour after that. If the limbs are cold, apply friction. Allow abundance 

 of fresh air, and let the patient have perfect rest. 



Avoid delay. A moment lost may be a life lost. Waste no time ii 

 hunting for shelter. Fresh outdoor air is best for the patient. Do not 

 attempt to give stimulants before the patient is well able to swallow. 

 Do not give up too soon. At any time within an hour you may be or 

 the very threshold of success, though no sign of it be visible. 



Then here is another and perhaps easier rule that may be substi- 

 tuted for Rule 3. After following out Rule i and Rule 2 as giv( 

 above, try to restore breathing by this method : 



After the tongue has been drawn forward so as not to hinder th< 

 free passage of air through the mouth, kneel behind the patient's head, 



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