PINACEAE. PINUS PUMILA 17 



less seeds, which are released only by the disintegration of the fallen cone. The 

 wood is very resinous and is the most valuable produced by any species of Pine 

 of eastern Asia, although in Japan it is too rare to have any value as a timber- 

 tree. 



In Shinano province this Pine is known as the Oba-goyo-matsu (Large Five- 

 leaved Pine), but everywhere in the gardens of Japan it is called the Chosen- 

 matsu (i. e. Korean Pine). This latter name doubtless denotes the early place of 

 origin of these cultivated trees, for it is only quite recently that it has been dis- 

 covered wild in Japan, and there only in remote places difficult of access and very 

 sparsely peopled. The Chosen-matsu, though a favorite tree, is not common in 

 Japanese gardens. At Nikko I saw only young trees and overlooked the fine 

 specimens Mayr tells of. In the Imperial Botanic Garden, Tokyo, there is a good 

 specimen some 21 m. tall, with a trunk 1.75 m. in girth, which was planted before 

 the Meiji era. But the finest specimens and the greatest number of these planted 

 trees I saw grow in the park at Morioka in Rikuchu province, northern Hondo, 

 which was formerly the seat of the Daimyo of Nambu. In Japanese gardens I 

 saw occasional plants of the var. variegata Mayr, which has yellowish white 

 splashes and stripes down the leaves. It is propagated by grafting on P. Thun- 

 bergii Parl. 



Pinus koraiensis was first discovered wild in the Amur region by C. Maximo- 

 wicz in June 1855, and by R. Maack in July of the same year. In Japan it was 

 known as a planted tree only until about 1889, when H. Mayr discovered it growing 

 wild on the mountains of the Kozuke province. It was introduced from Japan in 

 1861 by John Gould Veitch into England, and from there it was later sent to this 

 country. It is perfectly hardy in eastern North America at least as far north as 

 Boston, Massachusetts, where there are trees from 12 to 13 m. tall which bear 

 cones annually. In this Arboretum it grows faster and is a more satisfactory tree 

 than P. cembra L. 



It is generally believed that Thunberg's P. Strobus is the same as P. koraiensis 

 S. & Z., and his brief description fits it very well. But the Korean Pine does not 

 grow wild on the Hakone Mountains, as Thunberg says of his Pine. He may 

 have seen a planted tree of P. koraiensis, but in his Flora Japonica Thunberg is 

 very careful to distinguish between wild and cultivated plants. No specimen of 

 Thunberg's exists to-day, so the point cannot be definitely settled, but I believe 

 that P. Strobus Thunb. is really P. parviflora S. & Z. 



PINUS PUMILA Regel 



PLATE VIII 



PINUS PUMILA Regel in Cat. Sent. Hort. Petrop. 23 (1858); in Bull. Soc. Nat. 

 Mosc. XXXII. pt. 1, 211 (1859). Fr. Schmidt in M6m. Acad. Sri. St. Petersbourg, 

 ser. 7, XII. no. 2, 178 (Reis. Amur. Sachal.) (1868). Mayr, Monog. Abiet. Jap. 

 80, t. 6, fig. 21 (1890). Miyabe in Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. IV. 261 (Fl. Kurile 

 IsL) (1890). Sargent, Forest FL Jap. 80 (1894). Komarov in Act. Hort. 

 Petrop. XX. 189 (Fl. Mandsh. I.) (1901). Matsumura, Ind. PL Jap. II. pt. 1, 14 

 (1905). Miyoshi, Atlas Jap. VegeL pt. VII. 4, t. 50 (1907) ; pt. IX. 3, t. 63 (1908) ; 

 pt. XIV. 5, t. 99 (1909). Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. II. t. 1, fig. 17-31 

 (1908). Clinton-Baker, III. Conif. I. 46, t. (1909). Jackson in Gard. Chron. 

 ser. 3, XLVI. 93, fig. 41 (1909). Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. V. 1045 



