PINACEAE.-PINUS PUMILA 19 



more long and from 0.3 to 0.45 m. in girth. The living plants make such a dense 

 thicket that it is nearly impossible to ascertain their manner of growth, but the sum- 

 mit of Shiribeshi-san was burnt over a few years ago and at the time of my visit 

 the stark dead growth of this Pine could be easily examined. Where this Pine 

 grows scattered with dwarf Bamboo or other aggressive shrubs the prostrate 

 branches are either very short or turn upward and the lateral branches are all 

 ascending and the result is a dense more or less pyramidal or oval bush from 2 to 

 3 m. tall. Such bushes may be seen on Teine-yama near Sapporo. A small speci- 

 men brought from this mountain by Dr. K. Miyabe and planted in the Botanic 

 Garden at Sapporo has grown into a shapely small tree about 2.5 m. tall with a 

 distinct leading shoot, but branched from the base; all the branches are ascend- 

 ing-spreading and the leaves are from 6 to 10 cm. long. The shoot of Pinus 

 pumila is stout and is clothed with short, dense gray-brown or fulvous tomentum; 

 the winter-bud is reddish, cylindric-conic, acute and resinous, with the tips of the 

 bud-scales free. The leaves are in fascicles of five, crowded and point forward, 

 from 4 to 7 cm. (occasionally up to 10 cm.) long, slightly curved, triquetrous, with 

 stomata on the ventral surface only and external resin-ducts. On all my speci- 

 mens, whether from Saghalien, Hokkaido or Hondo, the leaves are nearly 

 all obscurely and remotely serrulate, and on some two or three year old seed- 

 lings collected on Hakkoda-yama the leaves are sharply serrulate. The cones 

 are subterminal, clustered, short-peduncled and spreading, violet-purple when 

 young, changing the second season to green with purple about the umbos and 

 when ripe to dull reddish or yellowish brown. In shape the cone is ovoid, from 3 to 

 4.5 cm. long, and when ripe falls to the ground, carrying its short peduncle with 

 it. The cones ripen early in September and on falling to the ground are quickly 

 carried off by squirrels and other rodents and hidden away, and so rapidly do they 

 disappear that it is a difficult matter to find a ripe cone. The cone is not properly 

 dehiscent, neither can it be called indehiscent, for after falling the cone-scales 

 shrink and open sufficiently to shed the seeds. The cone itself disintegrates 

 rapidly and is even more fragile than that of P. cembra L., of which many botanists 

 have considered it to be merely a variety. It is certainly closely related to that 

 species, but it occupies a distinct geographical area, is totally different in habit, and 

 from what I saw of it wild it appears to me to be fully entitled to specific rank. 

 Certainly it could never be mistaken for any other species of Pinus. It is in culti- 

 vation in this Arboretum from seeds I secured in Japan, but it is too early to tell 

 anything of their behavior. In Japan this dwarf Pine is generally known as the 

 Hai-matsu. 



This dwarf Pine is first mentioned from Kamtchatka by Abbe Chappe d'Au- 

 teroche in his Voyage en Siberie, I. 360 (1768), and later by Pallas. It was early 

 introduced to Petrograd from eastern Siberia and Loudon mentions a plant in the 

 gardens at Dropmore, England, which was planted in 1817 and "was not more 

 than 6 inches high." From Japan, according to Jackson, two living plants were 

 sent (in 1909?) to the garden of H. Clinton-Baker, at Bayfordbury, England, 

 from Nyoho-san in the Nikko region by his brother, Captain L. Clinton-Baker, R.N. 

 It was received at this Arboretum in November, 1903, from Messrs. Regel & 

 Kesselring of Petrograd, but the plants afterwards died. 



