PINACEAE. PINUS THUNBERGII 27 



PINUS THUNBERGII Parl. 



PLATES XIII AND XIV 



PINUS THUNBERGII Parlatore in De Candolle, Prodr. XVI. pt. 2, 388 (not 

 Lambert 1 ) (1868). Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PL Jap. I. 464 (1875).- 

 Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XVIII. 504 (1881); in Gard. Chron. n. ser. XIX. 

 825, fig. 139 (1883); XXV. 344, fig. 63 (1885). Mayr, Monog. Abiet. Jap. 69, 

 t. 5, fig. 16, t. 7, fig. 1 (1890). Sargent, Forest Fl. Jap. 79 (1894). Shirasawa, 

 Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I. 11, t. 1, fig. 15-29 (1900). Kent in Veitch, Man. Conif. 

 ed. 2, 383 (1900). Matsumura, Ind. PL Jap. II. pt. 1, 15 (1905). Miyoshi, 

 Atlas Jap. Veget. pt. IV. 5, t. 29, 30 (1906); pt. XIII. 6, t. 91 (1909). Beissner, 

 Handb. Nadelh. ed. 2, 414 (1909). Clinton-Baker, III. Conif. I. 55, t. (1909). - 

 Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. V. 1143 (1909). Shaw, Gen. Pinus, 56, 

 t. 22, fig. 196, 197 (1914). 



Pinus sylvestris Thunberg, FL Jap. 274 (in part, not Linnaeus) (1784). Siebold in 

 Verh. Batav. Genoot. XII. pt. 1, 12 (Syn. PL Oecon. Jap.} (1830). 



Pinus Massoniana Siebold & Zuccarini, FL Jap. II. 24, t. 113, 114 (not Lambert) 

 (1844). Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 174 (1847). J. G. Veitch in Gard. Chron. 1862, 

 309. Murray in Proc. Hort. Soc. Lond. II. 278, fig. 28-40 (1862); Pines & 

 Firs Jap. 23, fig. 39-54 (1863). Gordon, Pinet. new ed. 241 (exclude synonyms 

 P. Cavendishiana and P. tabulaeformis) (1880). Veitch, Man. Conif. 148 (1881). 



Pinus rubra Siebold & Zuccarini, FL Jap. II. 25 (as a synonym, not Miller) (1844). 



This Black Pine, or Kuro-matsu, is found in Japan from southernmost Kyushu 

 to the northern limits of Hondo, but it has been so much planted from the earliest 

 days of Japanese history that it is impossible to-day to determine its original geo- 

 graphical range. It grows wild on the islands of Tanega-shima and Yaku-shima; 

 on the first it forms very extensive forests and on the latter it occurs scattered 

 through the coastal savannah and also in pure stands of small size. Around the 

 base of Higashi-Kirishima in Osumi province, Kyushu, it is wild and forms pure 

 woods or is mixed with P. densiflora S. & Z.; more rarely it grows in the forests of 

 mixed trees. At Matsushima in Rikuzen province, northern Hondo, this Pine grows 

 alone or with occasional trees of P. densiflora S. & Z. on the hundreds of sand- 

 stone islets for which that place is named. This is the most northern place I saw 

 it wild; indeed these places, with the island of Miyajima in the Inland Sea, are the 

 only ones where I saw this Black Pine truly indigenous. It is a maritime species 

 and very probably at one time was widely distributed along the coastal regions of 

 Japan. Outside of that country it is known to be indigenous only on the islands 

 of Quelpaert and Ooryb'ng, two interesting outposts of the Japanese flora off the 

 coast of Korea. 



As usually seen this Black Pine is a most picturesque tree with a crooked 

 trunk, ponderous, sprawling branches, dark green leaves, and a blackish-looking 

 crown of no particular shape. Its odd habit, umbrageous withal, is probably 

 what has so endeared it to the Japanese, by whom it has been more widely planted 

 than any other tree except the Cryptomeria. It is certain that this Pine has in- 



1 Pinus Thunbergii Lambert (Pinus, ed. 2, preface, vi [1828]. Abies Thunbergii Lindley in 

 Penny Cycl. I. 34 [1833]), is based on Pinus Abies Thunberg (FL Jap. 275 [not Linnaeus] [1784]), an 

 obscure plant of which no specimen exists. Some authors have referred it to Picea polita Carr., but 

 with equal propriety it might be referred to Abies firma S. & Z. 



