PINACEAE. LARIX DAHURICA 33 



so and pallid, or more or less densely clothed with a reddish pubescence. These 

 variations are present on one and the same branch. A similar range of variation 

 occurs on material which I gathered in Japanese Saghalien in August 1914, and 

 also on the numerous specimens in this herbarium that came from the Kurile 

 Islands or from plants raised from seeds collected on these islands. Whether 

 these Larches are absolutely identical or not can well be left to the future to de- 

 cide, and in order not to complicate the question I retain for the insular Larch, 

 characterized in its typical form by its reddish shoots, the varietal name of 



LARIX DAHURICA, var. JAPONICA Maximowicz apud Regel in Gartenfl. XX. 105, 

 t. 685, fig. 6 (not L. japonica Carriere) (1871). Regel in Act. Hort. Petrop. I. 

 160 (Revis. Spec. Crataeg. Dracaen. Laric. 59) (1871-72) ; in Beige Hort. XXII. 105, 

 t. 10, fig. 1 (1872). Miyabe in Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. IV. 261 (Fl. Kurile 

 Isl.) (1890). Beissner, Handb. Nadelh. 329, fig. 91 (1891). Sargent, Forest FL 

 Jap. 84, t. 26 (1894). Patschke in Bot. Jahrb. XLVIII. 651 (1913). 



,4 fries kamtschatica Ruprecht in Beitr. Pflanz. Russ. Reich. II. 57 (1845). 



Pinus kamtschatika Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 135 (1847). 



Larix Kamtschatica Carriere, Traite Conif. 279 (1855). 



Larix Kurilensis Mayr, Monog. Abiet. Jap. 66, t. 5, fig. 15 (1890). Elwes & Henry, 



Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel II. 383, t. 107 (1907). Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. II. 



t. 1, fig. 1-16 (1908). Beissner, Handb. Nadelh. ed. 2, 321, fig. 78 (1909). 



Clinton-Baker, III. Conif. II. 57, t. (1909). Takeda in Jour. Linn. Soc. XLII. 



486 (1914). 



Larix Dahurica, var. Kurilensis Sargent, Silva N. Am. XII. 4, in a note (1898). 

 Larix sibirica Masters in Bull. Herb. Boiss. VI. 272 (not Ledebour) (1898). Matsu- 



mura, Ind. PL Jap. II. pt. 1, 12 (1905). 

 Larix dahurica Miyoshi, Atlas Jap. Veget. pt. IX, 4, t. 67 (possibly of Turczaninow) 



(1908). Miyabe & Miyake, Fl. Saghal. 620, t. 11, fig. 4-8 (1915). 

 Larix dahurica, var. pubescens Patschke in Bot. Jahrb. XLVIII. 651 (1913). 



This tree (Plates XVII and XVIII) is abundant in swampy places throughout 

 Japanese Saghalien, where it forms immense pure forests or is mixed with Abies 

 sachalinensis Mast., Picea jezoensis Carr., Alnus hirsutaTurcz., Betula japonica Sieb., 

 B. Ermanii Cham, and various species of Willow. It grows also on the Kurile Islands, 

 where its southern limit is on the island of Shikotan, but it is not known in a wild 

 state in Hokkaido or in any other part of Japan proper. As I saw it in Saghalien 

 it is a somewhat sparsely branched tree growing from 20 to 30 m. tall, with a trunk 

 from 2 to 3 m. in girth; the bark is dark gray, scaly on young trees, but becom- 

 ing fissured into shallow plates and finally on old trees very deeply furrowed. 

 The branches are rather long, slender, and straight, and spread horizontally, but 

 are usually somewhat upturned at the ends and give the tree a characteristic ap- 

 pearance. The shoots are usually densely or sparsely clothed with crisped brown- 

 ish pubescence, but occasionally this is wanting. In color the young shoot 

 varies from pale to reddish and it often is slightly covered with a pale bloom; the 

 second year shoot is red or yellowish brown and sometimes gray. The leaves on 

 the shoots are curved, pointed, about 2.5 to 3 cm. long, and have the stomatic 

 lines prominent on both surfaces, and in consequence the color is rather glaucous 

 green. On the spurs the leaves are grass-green, from 1 to 2.8 cm. long, broadest 

 at the apex, which is blunt, and the stomatic lines are absent or nearly so from the 

 upper side, which is perfectly flat. The cone is cylindric-ovoid, from 1.5 to 2.5 cm. 

 high and composed usually of from 20 to 25 scales, but the number varies from 18 

 to 30. In the typical form the cone is reddish brown, but from small trees growing 



