PINACEAE. PICEA GLEHNII 41 



of northern Kushiro there exist pure forests of this Spruce. I have specimens col- 

 lected for me in the extreme southeast corner of Hidaka province and have seen 

 others from Iburi and Tokachi provinces. It has not yet been reported from south- 

 western Hokkaido and is rare around Sapporo, according to Miyabe, and appears to 

 be so everywhere except in the more remote parts of northeastern Hokkaido. I 

 did not meet with this species in Japanese Saghalien and the forestry officers there 

 informed me that it is very uncommon. Masters has identified as belonging to this 

 species a specimen collected along the Ussuri River in Amurland by R. Maack, but 

 this determination is very doubtfully correct and there is no other evidence to show 

 that Glehn's Spruce grows on the mainland. It is not known to grow on the Kurile 

 Islands and from the evidence available appears to be confined to southern Sagha- 

 lien and to northern and eastern Hokkaido. 



The trees I saw were all growing on moist rocky slopes and appeared to favor 

 northerly and westerly exposures and were easily recognized by the characteristic 

 bark. The species grows with Picea jezoensis Carr., Abies sachalinensis Mast, and 

 occasional trees of Ulmus japonica Sarg., Tilia Maximo wicziana Shiras., Acer pic- 

 tum Thunb., Acanihopanax ricinifolius Seem, and Taxus cuspidata S. & Z. In the 

 rich forests of Kitami it is a lofty tree from 26 to 40 m. tall, with a trunk from 3 to 5 

 m. in girth and clean of branches for fully half its height. The bark is red-brown or 

 chocolate-brown and is fissured into thin, loose flakes of irregular size and shape 

 which become gray as they exfoliate. The branches are slender, relatively short, 

 horizontally spreading and usually slightly upturned at the ends and form a nar- 

 rowly oblong crown. The shoots are yellow-brown to rust-red; they change to 

 gray in the second to fourth years and have a persistent, short, rust-red pubes- 

 cence on both the pulvini and the furrows between them. The winter-buds are 

 conical to ovoid, resinous, shining chestnut-brown, swollen at the base and com- 

 posed of few closely imbricated scales; on terminal buds the basal scales end in 

 long subulate points as in the winter-buds of P. mariana B. P. S. The leaves are 

 crowded and on erect shoots are more or less appressed on all sides of the shoot and 

 point forward, but on the lateral branchlets on the lower side they are twisted 

 into two ranks exposing the twig, and most of them are directed upward and 

 forward. On very young trees the leaves are slender, straight and pungent, but 

 normally they are stout, straight or curved, from 0.6 to 1.2 cm. long, oblique at 

 the apex, which is acute or obtuse, deep green, and rhombic in section, with lines 

 of stomata on all four faces. The cone is cylindrical, from 5 to 8 cm. long, violet 

 when growing, with reddish scale-margins becoming brown and somewhat shining 

 when ripe and finally gray-brown. The scales of ripe cones spread from the axis 

 at right angles; they are rather thin, rounded or with the central part more or less 

 prolonged, and entire or more usually finely denticulate. The wood is white, has a 

 satiny lustre and is considered to be superior in quality to that of P. jezoensis Carr. 

 In Hokkaido P. Glehnii is generally known as the Aka-yezo-matsu, i. e. "Red- 

 Yezo-Pine," a name doubtless suggested by the reddish color of its bark, shoots 

 and cones in contrast with those of P. jezoensis, the true Yezo-matsu. Picea 

 Glehnii was introduced to this Arboretum by seeds received from the Government 

 Forestry School, Tokyo, in 1894 and the species is well established here. The best 

 plants are 6 m. tall, spire-like in outline, and are growing here more satisfactorily 

 than any other species of Japanese Spruce. It is easily recognized by its habit and 

 more especially by its pubescent shoots, which in autumn and winter are decidedly 

 redder than those of any other species. Of the Japanese Spruces it is most closely 

 related to P. bicolor Mayr. 



