PINACEAE.-TSUGA SIEBOLDII 49 



Kent in Veitch, Man. Conif. ed. 2, 472, fig. 118 (1900). Matsumura, Ind. PL 

 Jap. II. pt. 1, 20 (1905). Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. II. 246 (1907). - 

 Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. II. t. 4, fig. 16-31 (1908). Beissner, Handb. 

 Nadelh. ed. 2, 80, fig. 11 (1909). Clinton-Baker, ///. Conif. I. 68, t. (1909).- 

 Hayata, Veget. Mi. Fuji, 93, fig. 16, 2 (1911). Silva Tarouca, Uns. Freiland- 

 Nadelh. 107, 288, fig. 104, 302 (1913). 



Abies araragi Siebold in Verh. Batav. Genoot. XII. pt. 1, 12 (Syn. PL Oecon. Jap.) 

 (name only) (1830). 



Abies Tsuga Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. II. 14, t. 106 (1842). Lindley in Gard. 

 Chron. 1861, 23. Murray, Pines & Firs Jap. 84, fig. 159-171 (1863). Maxi- 

 mowicz in Butt. Acad. Sri. St. Petersbourg, ser. 3, XII. 230 (1868); in Mel. Biol. 

 VI. 374 (1868). Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PL Jap. I. 468 (1875). 



Pinus Tsuga Antoine, Conif. 83, t. 32, fig. 2 (1846). Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 83 

 (1847). 



Micropeuce Sieboldii Spach apud Gordon, Pinet. suppl. 13 (as a synonym) (1862). 



Tsuga Tsuja Murray in Proc. Hort. Soc. Lond. II. 508, fig. 141-153 (1862). Sar- 

 gent, Forest Fl. Jap. 81 (1894). 



Picea (Tsuga) Sieboldii, Bertrand in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 5, XX. 89 (1874). 



Pinus Sieboldii McNab in Proc. R. Irish Acad. ser. 2, II. 213, t. 23, fig. 6 (1875). 



Tsuga Araragi Koehne, Deutsch. Dendr. 10 (1893). Sargent in Garden & Forest, 

 X. 491, fig. 62 (1897); Silva N. Am. XII. 60 (1898). 



This is the southern Hemlock of Japan and it has much the same distribution 

 as Abies firma S. & Z. and Thea Sasanqua Nois., with which it is very generally 

 found growing. It is particularly prominent in the moist rich forests on the steep 

 mountains of Shikoku, southern Hondo and Kyushu, where it reaches its maximum 

 size. Dr. Nakai informed me that it grows on the island of Ooryong, off the 

 east coast of Korea, in company with Pinus Thunbergii Parl. and P. parviflora 

 S. & Z., but it does not reach the mainland. In the gardens and parks in and 

 around Tokyo, Siebold's Tsuga is frequently planted, but good specimens are 

 rare. The latitude of Tokyo corresponds very closely with the northern limits of 

 the range of the species. I did not meet with it as a wild tree north of Mitsumine- 

 san in Musashi province, where it is local. It occurs here and there on the lower 

 slopes of Fuji-san and also in Shinano province up to 800 m. altitude in small, 

 scattered groves. On Koya-san in Kii province it is plentiful up to 1000 m. 

 altitude and grows with Pinus densiflora S. & Z., Chamaecyparis obtusa S. & Z. 

 and Sciadopitys verticillata S. & Z. On the mountains in Tosa province, Shikoku, 

 this Tsuga grows in abundance, with Pinus parviflora S. & Z., Abies firma S. & Z., 

 Pseudotsuga japonica Beissn. and the conifers mentioned as growing on Koya-san. 

 On various mountains in Kyushu I saw Tsuga Sieboldii and on the island of Yaku- 

 shima it is very plentiful between 600 and 1500 m. altitude, in company with 

 Cryptomeria japonica D. Don, Abies firma S. & Z. and such broad-leaved trees as 

 Stewartia monadelpha S. & Z., Distylium racemosum S. & Z., Trochodendron aralioides 

 S. & Z., Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq., Thea japonica Nois., T. Sasanqua Nois. 

 and Clethra barbinarvis S. & Z. 



Yaku-shima, the southern limit of its range, is a gigantic upthrust of granite, 

 but most of the mountains on which I saw this tree growing were of recent volcanic 

 origin and the nature of the soil apparently has little influence on its growth or, 

 indeed, on that of the closely related T. diversifolia Mast. Steep mountain slopes 

 where a mild climate and an abundant rainfall prevail are the natural conditions 

 under which the tree grows. On Yaku-shima, where the finest development of 



