62 CONIFERS AND TAXADS OF JAPAN 



sent seeds in quantity to Messrs. Veitch and the plants raised from them have 

 been widely distributed. This Fir grows satisfactorily in this country. It is per- 

 fectly hardy in this Arboretum and as an ornamental tree ranks among the Asiatic 

 species next to A. homolepis S. & Z. In the Hunnewell Pinetum there is a very fine 

 specimen 16 m. tall. Japanese names for this Fir are Shirabiso, Shirabe-momi and 

 Shira-tsuga. A variety of this species is 



ABIES VEITCHII, var. OLIVACEA Shirasawa in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 132 

 (1913); in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. XXIII. 256 (1914); in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 

 LVIII. 99 (1915). 



This variety is distinguished from the type by the color of the cones, which 

 are green and change to gray-brown when ripe. On all the specimens I collected 

 the pubescence on the shoot is ferruginous. I met with this variety first on the 

 Onsenga-dake beyond Yumoto in the Nikko region and afterwards collected ripe 

 seeds and cones at 2000 m. altitude on the Yatsuga-dake, on the borders of Shinano 

 and Kai provinces. In both places it was growing mixed with the typical species. 

 Apparently Maries was the first to discover this variety, as Masters in the Gar- 

 deners' Chronicle, n. ser. XIII. 275 (1880), says Maries speaks of a "green-coned 

 variety." Many young plants are now growing in this Arboretum from seeds I 

 collected in Japan in 1914. 



ABIES SACHALINENSIS Mast. 



PLATES XLIV AND XLV 



ABIES SACHALINENSIS Masters in Gard. Chron. n. ser. XII. 588, fig. 97 (1879); 

 in Jour. Linn. Soc. XVIII. 517, fig. 16 (1881). Veitch, Man. Conif. 106, fig. 26 

 (1881). Mayr, Monog. Abiet. Jap. 42, t. 3, fig. 6 (1890). Sargent, Forest Fl. 

 Jap. 83 (1894). Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I. 18, t. 6, fig. 22-43 (1900). - 

 Matsumura, Ind. PL Jap. II. pt. 1, 5 (1905). Miyoshi, Atlas Jap. Veget. pt. IX. 

 5, t. 68 (1908); pt. X. 1, t. 69, 70 (1908). Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. & 

 Irel IV. 760 (1909). Clinton-Baker, III. Conif. II. 26, t. (1909). Takeda in 

 Jour. Linn. Soc. XLII. 486 (1914). Miyabe & Miyake, Fl. Saghal. 598 (1915). 



Abies homolepis, var. /3 Toknaiae Carriere, Traite Conif. 216 (1855). 



Abies Veitchii, var. sachalinensis Fr. Schmidt in Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Peter sbourg, ser. 



7, XII. no. 2, 175, t. 4, fig. 13-17 (Reis. Amur. Sacked.) (1868). 

 Pinus sachalinensis Voss in Putlitz & Meyer, Landlexikon, IV. 777 (1913). 



This Fir is abundant in Hokkaido and is the only species known from that island. 

 Occasionally it forms pure forests, but usually it is associated with Picea jezoensis 

 Carr. and broad-leaved deciduous trees and in the more northern part of the island 

 with Picea Glehnii Mast. At Nopporo, a few miles from Sapporo, there is a gov- 

 ernment forest reservation where this tree is abundant, forming extensive and 

 pure stands; it also occurs there mixed with broad-leaved deciduous trees, but is 

 the dominant tree. In Kitami province in the north it is abundant and forms ex- 

 tensive forests mixed with Picea jezoensis Carr. and P. Glehnii Mast. In Japanese 

 Saghalien I saw it in great abundance and with Picea jezoensis Carr. and Larix 

 dahurica, var. japonica Maxim, it covers enormous areas. It is more partial to 

 the low mountain slopes than to the swamps, where the Larch is most at home. 



On the slopes of Shiribeshi-san near the town of Kutchan up to 1000 m. altitude 

 there are trees of this Fir from 25 to 30 m. tall and from 2 to 2.5 m. in girth, and 



