Forest Types of the Cocnr d'Alenc Mountains 115 



hemlock are found mainly at low elevations, but may occur on 

 the higher slopes. They are considered weed trees, as they are 

 very aggressive and take hold on almost any site. 



On some of the best northerly slopes white pine occupies as 

 much as 60 per cent of the stand by volume, this being the white 

 pine cover type proper. With increase in elevation in this type 

 western larch and Douglas fir appear in greater numbers, and 

 near the summits of ridges these species may form a large per 

 cent of the stand. A good stand in the western white pine type 

 will run twenty-five thousand feet B. M. to the acre, though many 

 acres will yield twice as much and a very few over four times 

 as much. 



The Douglas fir type is found usually on the southerly and 

 poorer westerly slopes. Douglas fir can stand more drought and 

 adverse conditions than any of the other species and thus is 

 the predominant tree on dry, shallow, stony soils. It is often 

 found in mixtures with western larch and occasionally with low- 

 land fir, white pine and hemlock. The Douglas fir larch cover 

 type consists of a mixture of the species from which it is named 

 and is often found at the heads of basins and on the better 

 sites on southerly slopes. This type often forms dense young 

 stands. 



The yellow pine type is found chiefly in the Coeur d'Alene 

 Lake region at low elevations, mainly on south slopes and the 

 more sandy soils. It occurs mixed with Douglas fir, western 

 larch and lodgepole pine. 



The alpine type is found at elevations from about five 

 thousand to sixty-three hundred feet. The principal species 

 comprising it are alpine hemlock, alpine fir, lodgepole pine, with 

 an occasional white bark pine. Western larch and Douglas 

 fir are also found in this type, and on the better lower sites 

 western white pine. Englemann spruce is sometimes found in 

 this type, though more often it is found with alpine fir in the 

 higher basins and flats of the western white pine type. 



TYPE STANDARDIZATION. 



Standardization of forest types for a given region is much 

 needed at the present time. A classification of types for general 

 conditions has already been admirably worked out, but not in 

 detail enough for some local conditions. It would be well in 

 typing a country first to decide whether cover types or manage- 

 ment types are wanted. If the former, it would be well to de- 

 termine the names and number of the types to be used and then, 



