Jordan and Evermann. Fishes of North America. 1301 



much paler, the yellow stripes lighter, and the fins all bright yellow with- 

 out dusky shades. They probably represent a variation due to the char- 

 acter of the bottom, and are apparently analogous to the form of H. sciu- 

 rns, which has been called H. multilineatum. Length about 10 inches. 

 Here described from Havana specimens, 9 inches in length. West Indies 

 and the Bermudas, south to Brazil; very common at Havana, (carlona- 

 ritifi, coaly, in allusion to the common name.) 



Hcemulon carbonarium, POEY, Memorias, n, 176, 1860, Cuba; POEY, Synopsis, 318, 1868; 

 JORDAN & SWAIN, 1. c,, 298; JORDAN & FESLER, L c.,472. 



1669. H.EMULO\ STKIMIACHMUU (Jordan & Gilbert). 

 (RoNCADOR RAIADO.) 



Head 3; depth 2{j. D. XII, 16; A. Ill, 8; scales 7-50-14 Body oblong, 

 moderately compressed, the back somewhat elevated; the profile from the 

 snout to the base of the dorsal rather steep and straight, or slightly 

 convex; snout pointed, of moderate length, a little more than length 

 of head; ventral outline little curved; caudal peduncle nearly twice as 

 long as deep, $ length of head; head rather long and pointed; mouth 

 large, little oblique, the premaxillary below lower border of eye; the 

 lower jaw included; the maxillary 2 in head, reaching to opposite mid- 

 dle of pupil, its posterior portion extending behind the preorbital 

 sheath. Teeth strong, in moderate bands, the outer series enlarged, 

 especially in the upper jaw and on the sides of the lower jaw. Chin with 

 a large pit and 2 pores. Eye rather large, 4 in head, shorter than snout, 

 which is more than width of the flattish interorbital space, about 

 wider than the moderate preorbital; preopercle sharply serrate, its up- 

 right limb nearly straight. Gill rakers short and weak, about 15 on lower 

 part of arch. Scales moderate, those above lateral line in very oblique 

 series, becoming horizontal on the caudal peduncle, those below it in 

 horizontal series ; vertical fins well-sealed, the scaly sheaths of dorsal and 

 anal well developed; scales on breast small. Dorsal fin rather high, the 

 spines strong, the fourth or longest 2 in head, about longer than the 

 soft rays; caudal short, moderately forked, the upper lobe slightly 

 the longer, f head; second anal spine strong, 2| in head; much longer 

 than the third spine, which is shorter than the soft rays; soft rays 

 of anal high, the first soft ray when depressed reaching almost to tip of 

 last ray much beyond the base of the last ray; ventral fins $ length 

 of head, not reaching tips of pectorals, which are about length of 

 head. Color in life, olive or golden-brown, golden below, the edges 

 of the scales of back with brilliant bluish luster; each scale on back 

 and sides with a median pearly-bluish spot (much larger than the spots 

 in Lythrulon flaviguttatum), these forming very distinct streaks, having 

 the direction of the rows of scales; head brownish, unspotted; a large, 

 distinct, round blackish blotch on end of caudal peduncle and base of 

 caudal fin, more distinct than in other species known to us; a distinct 

 bluish-black vertical bar on lower anterior part of opercle, partly concealed 

 by angle of preopercle; fins all bright golden-yellow; ventrals and anal 



