1412 Bulletin 4.7, United States National Museum. 



dorsal spines low and weak, the rays not high, the longest 3^ in head; 

 second anal spine slender but not flexible, its length 1^ in soft rays; 

 caudal double truncate, the median rays much produced, equaling length 

 of head behind snout in the adult as usual, shorter, gently rounded; 

 ventrals If in head ; pectorals in the young short, scarcely reaching tips 

 of ventrals, !- in head, in the adult long and falcate, reaching much 

 beyond ventrals. Color, young : Dusky silvery, with coarse black specks 

 along lower part of head and sides ; upper half of sides with many irreg- 

 ular blackish spots or blotches, showing little or no tendency to form 

 streaks; dorsals dusky, the basal portion with small black spots; other 

 fins blackish; the caudal lighter at base; mouth white within; lining of 

 gill cavity black, becoming yellow on lining of branchiostegal membranes. 

 In adult, bluish above, dusky silvery on sides and below ; no evident black 

 spots or blotches on body or fins; vertical fins blackish, paired fins dusky. 

 Gulf of California; largest of its genus; a huge food-fish, very abundant 

 along the entire eastern shore of the gulf and congregating in great 

 numbers near the mouth of the Colorado River. It enters the river 

 and is found feeding in shallow water near the shore, where it is easily 

 approached and speared. It does not seem to be known at La Paz, and 

 was not seen by us on the western side of the gulf. Many specimens were 

 taken by hand lines at the head of the gulf, the largest weighing 172 

 pounds. Large specimens were also seen at Guaymas and at the mouth 

 of the Rio del Fuerte. At Guaymas it is said to be a winter visitant, 

 unknown during the summer months. (Gilbert.) (Named for Hon. Mar- 

 shall McDonald, then U. S. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries.) 



Cynoscion macdonaldi, GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1890, 64, head of Gulf of California. 

 (Coll. Gilbert.) 



1788. CYNOSCION STOLZMANNI (Steindaclmer). 



Head 3f; depth 4f. D. IX-I, 21; A. II, 9; scales 10-73-10, -60 pores. 

 Pectoral fins short, reaching little past middle of ventrals, their length not 

 more than head ; body elongate, somewhat compressed ; mouth oblique ; 

 maxillary 2 in head, extending to posterior margin of pupil; snout rather 

 sharp, 4 in head; canines rather small; gill rakers shortish, 4 -j- 7 ; body 

 comparatively slender and elongate; scales rather large, all strongly 

 ctenoid; dorsal and anal scaleless; lateral line becoming straight just 

 before front of second dorsal; longest dorsal spines 2J in head; soft dorsal 

 slightly falcate, the first rays about 2 in head; caudal large and broad, 

 double truncate; ventrals If in head. Color steel bluish above, lower 

 parts silvery; no distinct markings. Pacific coast of tropical America; 

 Panama to Peru, not rare about Panama. (Named for its discoverer, 

 Stolzmann.) 



Otolithus stolzmanni, STEINDACHNER, Neue u. Seltene Fische k. k. Zool. Mus. "Wien 1879, 



35, pi. 2, fig. 1, Tumbez, Peru. 



Cynoscion stolzmanni, JORDAN & GILBERT, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. 1881, 320. 

 Cestreus stolzmanni, JORDAN & EIGENMANN, I. c., 370, 1889. 



