Jordan and Evermann, Fishes of North America. 1483 



molars and a small patch of conical teeth at the outer posterior corner; 

 gill rakers 4 -f-12, very short, slender; dorsal spines high but slender, the 

 fourth highest, 2 in head; caudal subtruncate; second anal spine very 

 large, about 2 in head ; pectorals about as long as head ; scales large, those 

 on breast small. Color grayish silvery, with 4 or 5 broad dark vertical bars, 

 these disappearing with age, usually no oblique dark streaks along rows 

 of scales above; fins blackish. Atlantic coasts of America, Long Island 

 to mouth of the Rio Grande ; common on the sandy coasts of the United 

 States, where it reaches a very large size, probably the largest of all the 

 Scicenidd'. The largest specimen recorded was taken at St. Augustine, 

 Florida, and weighed 146 pounds. It is rather a coarse fish, of no great 

 value as food, (chromis, Xpo[ii$, an old name of some fish of this type, 

 from xpcju > to grunt or croak. ) 



Lnhrus cromis, LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., Ed. XII, 479, 1766, Carolina. 



Pogonias fasciatus, LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., in, 137, 1802; CUVIEB & VALENCIENNES, 



Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 210, pi. 118, 1830; GIRARU, U. S. and Mex. Bound. Survey, 11, 1859; 



GUNTHER, Cat, Fish., n, 270, 1860. 



Min/il (jrunniens, MITCHILL, Report, in part, Fishes New York, 16, 1814, New York. 

 ,sv/>m/ j'ufH-d, MITCHILL, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. 1815, 409, New York. 

 Scicena gigas, MITCHILL, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. 1815, 413, New York. 

 Labrus chromis, SCHUPF, Schrift. Naturforsch. Freundo, Berlin, vm, 158, 1788. 

 Pogonias cltromii, GUVIER <fc VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 206, 1830; DsKAY, New 



York Fauna : Fishes, 80, 1842; GUNTHER, Cat., n, 270, I860; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synop- 



sis, 568, 1883; JORDAN A- KK;ENMANN, I c., 435, pi. 4, figs. 10 and 11, 1889. 

 Latirus grunniens, MITCHILL, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc. 1815, 405. 

 HiHjilgigas, MITCHILL, Report, in part, Fishes New York, 16, 1814. 



1870. POGONIAS COURBINA (Lacepede). 



Head 3; depth 3. D. X-I, 19; scales 50. Scarcely distinct from Pogo- 

 nias cromis, the scales a little smaller, the body a little more elongate, the 

 dorsal rays fewer; coloration more silvery, with faint dark streaks 

 obliquely along the rows of scales above. Guiana to Uruguay; rather 

 common in Brazil, (courbina, Portuguese name, equivalent to the Spanish 

 and Latin, Corvina, croaker, from Corvus, crow.) 



Pogonathus courbina, LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 121, 1803, Rio de la Plata. 

 Pogonias cromis courbina, JORDAN & EIQENMANN, I . c., 436. 



595. APLODINOTUS, Ratinesque. 



(RIVER DRUMS.) 



Aplodinotug, RAFINESQUE, Jour, de Phys. 1819, 418 (grunniens}. 



Amblodon, RAFINESQUE, Jour, de Phys. 1819, 418 (based on the pharyngeal teeth of A. 



grunniens, supposed to belong to a species of buffalo-fish). 



Haploidonotus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 102 (amended orthography). 

 Eutychelithus, JORDAN, Man. Vert., Ed. I, 242, 1876 (rickardsoni= grunniens). 



Body oblong, the snout blunt, the back elevated and compressed; mouth 

 rather small, low, horizontal, the lower jaw included; teeth in villiforni 

 bands, the outer above scarcely enlarged; no barbels; pseudobranchi^ 

 rather small; gill rakers short and blunt; lower pharyngeals very large, 



