1642 Bulletin 4.7, United States National Museum. 



Surinam. (Bleeker.) Not seen by us. It is perhaps distinct from S. bra- 

 chiale, though evidently closely allied, (jtiatfxdty, armpit; 6itll(.o$, spot.) 



Scarus maschalespilos, BLEEKER, Notices Ichthyologiques, i-x, 5, 1862, Surinam. 

 Sparisoma maschalespilos, JORDAN, Review Labroid Fishes. 673, 1890. 



2066. SPARISOMA FRONDOSUM (Cuvier). 



Three large scales 011 cheek ; dorsal spines rather slender hut pungent ; 

 caudal emarginate; tuhes of each scale of lateral line much ramified and 

 extending over the whole scale; teeth of moderate size, very distinct on 

 the edges of the jaws; no posterior canines.* Coloration uniform dark 

 purplish violet. (Giinther.) Jamaica to Brazil; evidently closely related 

 to Sparisoma rubripinne, hut distinguished by the branched pores, (fron- 

 dosusj branched.) 



Scarus frondosus (CuviER MS.) AGASSIZ, Spix, Pise. Brasil., 98, 1829, Bahia (Coll. Spix) ; 



CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xiv, 204,1839; GUICHENOT, Scarides, 1865, 



15 ; JORDAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 542 (note on type). 

 Scarus aracanga, GUNTHER, Cat., iv, 209, 1862, Jamaica. 

 Sparisoma aracanga, JORDAN, Review Labroid Fishes, 674, 1890. 



649. SCARUS, Forskal. 



(LOROS: PARROT-FISHES.) 



Callyodon, GRONOW, Museum Ichthyol., n, 8, 1764 (croicensis) nonbinomial. 



Scarus, FORSKAL, Descr. Animal, etc., in Orient. Observ., 25,1775 (psittacus, etc.); not of 



GRONOW, 1764, which (uonbinomial) Labrus L. 



Calliodon, BLOCK & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichthyol., 312, 1801 (lineatus croicensis). 

 Hemistoma, SWAINSON, Class'n Fishes, etc., n, 226, 1839 (reticulatus Swainson =pepo Ben- 



nett) (= Scarus). 



Petronason, SWAINSON, Class'n Fishes, etc., u, 226, 1839 (psittacus, etc.) (= Scarus). 

 Erychlhys, SWAINSON, Class'n Fishes, etc., n, 226, 1839 (croicensis, etc.) . 

 Chlorurus, SWAINSON, Class'n Fishes, etc., n, 227, 1839 (gibbus) (= Scarus). 

 Callyodon, GRONOW, Systema, Ed. Gray, 83, 1854 (lineatus, etc.) . 

 Scarus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 938, 1883 (psittacus). 

 Galliodon, JORDAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 591 (croicensis) . 



Lower pharyngeals spoon-shaped, ovate-oblong, transversely concave; 

 teeth in each jaw fully coalescent, appearing as tessellations on the sur- 

 face; jaws with distinct median suture; the edges of jaw even, the teeth 

 whitish or rosy in color, never green. Upper pharyngeals each with 2 

 rows of teeth; gill membranes scarcely united to the narrow isthmus, 

 across which they form a broad fold; dorsal spines flexible, scarcely dif- 

 ferent from the soft rays; upper lip laterally double, the interior fold 

 becoming very narrow or obsolete mesially; lower jaw included in the 

 closed mouth; lateral line interrupted posteriorly, commencing again on 

 the next series of scales below; tubes of lateral line scarcely branched; 

 scales on cheek in 2 to 4 rows ; scales in front of dorsal on median line 

 6 to 8. Dorsal rays IX, 10; anal II, 9 in all species; scales 2^-24-6. Body 



* We are indebted to Dr. G.. A. Boulenger for the information that in the types of Spa- 

 risoma stngatum and S. aracanga there are no posterior canines. 



