Jordan and Evermann. Fishes of North America. 1665 



2079. ANTIGONIA CAPROS, Lowe. 



(SHI SHIDAI.) 



Head 3; depth (greater with age) always more than length of body; 

 eye 2 in head; snout 3f. D. VIII, 36; A. Ill, 33; V. I, 5; P. 13; C. 12; 

 scales 15-59-40. Anterior profile of head steep, but growing steeper from 

 the nape to first dorsal, so that it is concave above eye ; base of dorsal 

 forming a steep oblique line, corresponding to anterior profile; base of 

 anal and outline of breast also very oblique; maxillary reaching front of 

 eye ; 3 or 4 rows of scales on cheek ; prickles on chin ; preorbital and other 

 bones of head longer and more numerous in males; top of head covered 

 with rough serrate stria 1 ; third dorsal spine strong, rough, and curved, \\ 

 in head; first anal spine about as long as eye, 2 to 2f in head; ventral 

 spine H; caudal H. Scales very rough, much as in Priacanthus. Lateral 

 line complete, concurrent with back. Air bladder large. Color golden 

 red. Length about a foot. In rather deep water, widely distributed in 

 the Atlantic, and also in the Pacific about Japan and the Ki Islands, and 

 Manado, if the Pacific species, Antigonia rubesccns, proves to be identical 

 with A. capros, as is supposed. It lives in about 100 fathoms. (Stein- 

 dachner; specimens from Tokio.) (Capros, a related genus, from uaTtpo^ 

 a grunting sea-fish.) 



Antigonia capros, LOWE, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1813, 85, Madeira. 



Cttin'ojihonim aurora, Mt'Li.KR & TIJOSPHEL, Horro Ichthyologies, in, p. 28, pi. 5, fig. 1, 



1845, Barbados. 

 Ifyprinettff nitfMe**, SCIILK<;KL, Fauna Japonica, Foissons, 84, pi. 42, fig. 2,1847, Omura, 



Japan. 

 Antigonia miillcH-, KIJ'N/IN<;I;K, Sitzb. Akad. Wisa. Wien., LXXX, 1879, 380, pi. 6, fig. 3, 



King George's Sound. 

 A-ntitii>niacai>rns, <<>MI>K ,v UEAX, Oceanic Ichthyology, 229, fig. 235, 1896. 



Suborder SQUAMIPIKSTES. 

 (THE SCALY-FINS.) 



Body compressed, covered with small or minute ctenoid scales ; lateral 

 line unarmed, concurrent with the back; mouth small, with slender or 

 brush-like teeth; opercles armed or not; nostrils double; gills 4, a slit 

 behind the fourth; gill membranes united to the broad scaly isthmus; 

 pseudobranchia' present; air bladder present; dorsal fin long, the spines 

 usually well developed, the soft part usually more or less scaly; caudal 

 usually truncate or double concave; anal similar to soft dorsal ; ventrals 

 thoracic, sometimes rudimentary, sometimes with 2 spines, the pubic bone 

 becoming progressively elongate; vertebrae usually 10+14=24, but some- 

 times still further reduced. Basis of cranium double, with a double mus- 

 cular tube ; post-temporal trifurcate or bifurcate in Ephippidce and other 

 transitional forms, as in the Scombroids and Percoids; in other species 

 firmly united to the skull, its structure showing the usual 3 forks, the space 

 between them filled in by bone, so that only a foramen is left; second, 

 third, and fourth upper pharyngeals small, usually reduced to vertical 



