1714 Bulletin ^7, United States National Museum. 



its length 3 in head ; dorsal spine very stout and straight, everywhere 

 rough, but without distinct barbs, 1 * n head; dorsal rays 2 in head; anal 

 ray 2 in head; caudal short and rounded, If in head; pectoral 2 in head; 

 pelvic bone with ventral spine firmly attached, the latter with about 10 

 radiating spinules; ventral flap little developed ; caudal peduncle with 4 

 strong, bluntish spines, turned forward and arrayed in 2 pairs, 1 above 

 and 1 below the middle line. Color dull grayish olive; head finely 

 speckled with darker; fins all pale; lips whitish. Islands off the west 

 coast of Mexico; 1 specimen about 7 inches long from Clarion Island. 

 (Named for Mrs. Charlotte McGregor, mother of Richard C. McGregor.) 



Cantherines carolce, JORDAN & MCGREGOR MS., Clarion Island. (Type, No. 11995, L. S. 

 Jr. Univ. Mus. Coll. K. C. McGregor.) 



673. MONACANTHUS, Cuvier. 



Monacantlius, CUVIER, Eegne Animal, Ed. i, 152, 1817 (chinengis). 



Trichoderma, SWAINSON, Class'n Fishes, etc., n, 327, 1839 (scapus=Balisteherisse, Lac6pede). 



Stephanolepis, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 78 (setifer). 



Body short and deep, very strongly compressed, covered with minute, 

 rough scales. Mouth very small; upper jaw with a double series of 

 incisor-like teeth, usually 6 in the outer and 4 in the inner series; lower 

 jaw with about 6 incisors in a single series; teeth coiini vent, unequal; 

 gill opening a small slit, shorter than the eye, nearly vertical below the 

 posterior part of the eye, and just in front of upper edge of pectoral. 

 Dorsal spine large, armed with 2 series of retrorse barbs, and no con- 

 spicuous filaments; second dorsal and anal fins similar to each other, of 

 about 25 to 35 rays each; caudal fin moderate, rounded; pelvic bone with 

 a blunt, movable spine, the bone connected by a movable flap of varying 

 size; side of tail often with a patch of spines, especially in the males. 

 Vertebrae 7 + 11 to 14 = 18 to 21. Species very numerous, in warm seas, 

 most of them reaching a small size. All are lean fishes with leathery skin 

 and bitter flesh, unsuited for food, (juovog, one; axarQa, spine.) 



MONACANTHUS : 



a. Yentral flap in the adult greatly developed, extending much beyond the ventral 

 spine; adult with 2 or 3 pairs of recurved spines on caudal peduncle; young 

 without these characters, similar to young of Stephanolepis. 



b. D.I, 30; A. 30. Color very variable. CILIATUS, 2130. 



STEPHANOLEPIS (o-Te'^avos, crown ; ACTTI?, scale) : 

 aa. Ventral flap, even in adult, moderately developed, not reaching beyond pelvic spine ; 



no recurved spines on caudal peduncle. 

 c. Dorsal and anal each with 30 to 32 soft rays. 



d. Depth more than length of body. HISPIDUS, 2131. 



dd. Depth less than length of body. SPILONOTUS, 2132. 



cc. Dorsal and anal each with about 27 soft rays. OPPOSITUS, 2133. 



2130. MONOCANTHTJS CILIATUS (Mitchill). 



(LEATHER FISH; LlJA.) 



Head 3$-; depth If; young 1|. D. I, 30; A. 30; scales very small, with- 

 out median crest. Spines becoming longer on caudal peduncle, which 

 has in addition 2 or 3 pairs of strong spines curved forward, these prom- 



