Jordan and Evermann. Fishes of North America. 2183 



the inner rays shortest ; air bladder with 2 lateral parts, each with a large 

 muscle; pyloric caeca numerous; vertebra 1 9 -f * 13 = 22. Warm seas; the 

 adult able to move in the air like the true flying-fish, but for shorter dis- 

 tances. One genera and 2 to 4 species. 



798. CEPHALACANTHUS, Lacepede. 

 (FLYING GURNARD.) 



Gephalacanthus, LACEPKDE, Hist. Nat.Poiss., in, 32:5, 1802 (vpinarella) ; young examples 



of the East Indian species. 

 Dactylopterus, LACEPKDE, Hist. l\at. Poiss., in, 325, 1802 (pirapeda = volitans) ; adults of 



the American species. 

 Oonocephalus, GRONOW, Cat. Fish., Ed. Gray, 106, 1854 (macrocephalus=volitans). 



Character of the genus included above. Two species known, the follow- 

 ing and the East Indian, Cephal acanthus spinarella. (%0aA?;, head; 

 anavQcLj spine.) 



2.">10. (EPHAL ACANTHUS VOLITAXS (Linna3us). 

 (FLYING ROBIN ; BAT-FISH ; VOLADOH; MURCIELAGO.) 



Head 4; depth 5|. D. II-IV, 8; A. 6; P. 28 + 6. First 2 dorsal spines 

 free, slightly connected by membrane at base; preopercular spine reach- 

 ing beyond base of pectorals, not to end of occipital spine; pectorals 

 reaching nearly to base of caudal in adult, very much shorter in young; 

 iu the young the spines of the head are much longer. Greenish olive and 

 brown above, of varying shades ; below pale, marked irregularly with 

 dusky and bright brick red, varying to salmon yellow ; pectoral fins 

 mottled with bright-blue streaks near the base and blue spots and bars 

 toward the tip; their under sides glaucous blue, edged with darker; 

 caudal fin with about 3 brownish-red bars ; coloration extremely variable. 

 Length 12 inches. Atlantic Ocean, on both coasts; very abundant on 

 South Atlantic and Gulf coasts; a handsome and singular fish. (Eu.) 

 (volitans, flying.) 



Pirabebe, MARCQRAVE, Hist. Brasil., iv, 162, 1648, Brazil. 

 Milvus cirratus, SLOANE, Hist. Jamaica, n, 288, Jamaica. 

 Trigla digitis vicenis palmatis, ARTEDI, Genera, 44, 1738, Mediterranean, etc. 

 Hirundo, CATESBY, Nat. Hist. Carolina, 11, tab. 8, Bahamas. 

 Trigla volitans, LINN.EUS, Syst. Kat, Ed. x, I, 302, 1758 ; after ARTEDI ; " Mari Mediterraneo 



Oceanic, Pelago inter tropicos, in Asia ad Cap. b. Spei. Saepe agitata evolans ex 



aqua." 

 Dactylopterus volitans, COVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., iv, 117, 1829; GUNTHER, 



Cat. Fishes, n, 221, 1800 ; LUTKEN, Spolia Atlantica, 417, 1880. 

 Trigla tentabiinda, WALBAUM, Artedi, Piscium, in, 362, 1792; after Cataphractus, KLEIN, 



Missus, which is after CATESBY, Fishes of Carolina, iv, 44, taf. 14, f. 1. 

 Trigla fasciata, BLOCK & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 16, tab. 3, f. 1,1801 ; after Corystion, KLEIN, 



Missus, iv, 45, taf. 14, f. 2, locality not stated. 

 Dactylopterus pirapeda, LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., in, 326, 1802, Mediterranean and 



almost all warm seas. 



Polynemus sexradiatus, MITCHELL, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc., i, 1815, pi. 4, f. 10, New York. 

 Callionymus pelagicus, KAFINESQUE, Amer. Monthly Mag., Jan., 1818, 205, Atlantic Ocean. 

 Dactylopterus communis, OWEN, Osteol. Cat., 1, 56. 1851. 

 Gonocephalus macrocephalus, GRONOW, Cat. Fish., Ed. Gray, 106, 1854, pelagic. 



* The osteological characters of this family are given (after Gill) on page 2147. 



END OF PART II. 



