PHARMACAL PLANTS AND THEIR CULTURE. 57 



12. Acer negunda californicum T. and G. Box elder. Aceracece. 

 A common native. Medicinal use doubtful. 



13. Acer saccharinum Wang. Sugar maple. Aceracece. 



Yields maple sugar. According to Weschke this tree contains an 

 alkaloid. (Contrib. Dept. Pharm., Univ. Wisconsin, 1886.) 



14. Achillea millefolium L. Yarrow. Milfoil. Composite. 



A well-known old-time medicinal herb, common everywhere. Yields 

 oil. Has an extensive popular medicinal use among Indians and set- 

 tlers. Tea is used in consumption, stomach-ache, headache ; a lotion is 

 used for sprains, etc. Enjoys an excellent reputation in the treatment 

 of neuralgia, toothache, sore gums, and stomach troubles. (Contrib. 

 U. S. Nat. Herb. 7:111, 391.) 



15. Achras sapota L. Nase berry. Sapodilla. Sapotacece. 

 Native of West India, cultivated in southern California. Fruit 



edible. Seeds contain a glucoide (sapotin). Yields "chicle" a base 

 for chewing gum. (Nat. Dist.) 



16. Achyrachaena mollis Shauer. Composite. 



Indians of California use the seeds for pinole (parched, ground and 

 mixed with water). (Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: III, 392.) 



17. Aconitum species. Monk's-hood. Ranunculacece. 



The native species are no doubt all poisonous and require further 

 study chemically. (Calif. Geod. Survey. Bot. 1: 12.) 



18. Aconitum columbianum Nutt. Aconite. Friar's cap. Blue- 

 weed. Monk's-hood. Ranunculacece. 



A native found in the Sierras and northern coast ranges, and along 

 brooks of Oregon, Washington, California, Montana, Wyoming, Colo- 

 rado, and South Dakota in moist, open woods. This is the most import- 

 ant of the native species. All parts of the plant are poisonous, seeds 

 and roots most. The poisonous principle of this plant is, no doubt, 

 closely related to that of A. napellus L. It requires further careful 

 study. The roots have been mistaken for horseradish and the leaves 

 for those of parsley. Many human beings and many heads of cattle 

 have been poisoned by it. Treatment as for aconite poisoning. 



19. Aconitum fisheri Reich 'b. Aconite. Ranunculacece. 



This European species is by some authorities believed to be identical 

 with A. columbianum. This is a controversy of considerable import- 

 ance. A. fisheri is said to be used as an adulterant of the official 

 A. napellus. 



20. Aconitum napellus L. Aconite. Wolf's-bane. Monk's-hood. 

 Ranunculacece. 



A well known, very important medicinal plant of which garden 



