82 PHARMACAL PLANTS AND THEIR CULTURE. 



223. Chenopodium album L. Pigweed. Chenopodiacece. 



Leaves used as greens. Indians use old leaves to relieve stomach- 

 ache. 



224. Chenopodium botrys L. Jerusalem Oak. Chenopodiacece. 



Is frequently cultivated for medicinal purposes. Other species are 

 C. murale, C. rubrum and C. vulvaria. There are no doubt additional 

 unidentified species. The Indians use the leaves as food and the seeds 

 and other plant parts medicinally. 



225. Chenopodium californicum Wats. Soap plant. Chenopodi- 

 acece. 



Roots formerly much used as a substitute for soap. Still so used to 

 some extent. 



226. Chimaphila menziesii Spreng. Pipsissiwa. Prince's pine. 

 Ericaceae. 



The leaves are highly valued as a tonic, astringent, and as a remedy 

 for cataract. Other species are C. corymbosa Pursh. and C. maculata 

 Pursh. No doubt the leaves of these species have medicinal value. 



227. Chlorogalum angustifolium Kell. Soaproot. Liliacece. 

 Found in the San Joaquin Valley and upper Sacramento. Requires 



further study. 



228. Chlorogalum pomeridianum Kunth. Soaproot. Soap plant. 

 Liliacece. 



Very common in California. Has received considerable attention. 

 Used by California Indians and Spaniards for cleansing purposes. 

 Rich in saponin. Poisonous ; used by Indians to stupefy fish. 



Young shoots eaten by nearly all Indians. Dried juice of bulbs used 

 as a glue for fastening feathers to arrows. Roasted and powdered 

 bulbs are used as an antiseptic application for ulcers and sores. A 

 decoction of bulb is said to be useful as a diuretic and laxative, etc. 

 (Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: (No. Ill) 319.) 



229. "Chucklusa." 



An Indian name applied to several species of Peucedauum, used 

 medicinally and as food. (Am. Journ. Pharm., 1890.) 



230. Cichorium intybus L. Chicory. Composite. 



This plant has been cultivated very successfully in California in the 

 San Joaquin Valley. Well known. The dried roasted roots are used 

 as a surrogate for coffee. 



231. Cicuta species. Water hemlocks. Unibelliferce. 



Most of the species are believed to be poisonous, and it is known that 

 many are highly poisonous. It is stated that drinking water in which 

 the poisonous species grow will cause symptoms of poisoning. 



