PHARMACAL PLANTS AND THEIR CULTURE. 85 



243. Citrullus colocynthis Schrad. Colocynth. Bitter apple. 

 Cucurbitacecs. 



Has been grown in Mexico and promises to do well in this State. A 

 laxative. Poisonous. Well known medicinally. (U. S. Disp.) 



J44. Citrus limonum L. and varieties. Lemon. Aurantiacece. 



Extensively cultivated in southern portions of the State. Related 

 fruits, as the grape fruit, lime, with their numerous culture varieties 

 and artificial crosses, are cultivated in the State. (See publications by 

 Le Long.) (Bailey, Cycl. Am. Hort. 322.) 



245. Claviceps purpurea Tul. Ergot. Fungi. 



This fungus occurs on rye and other cereals. On the western plains 

 it is found on the following grasses: Elymus species, Agropyron 

 species, Koeleria cristata (Prairie June grass), Phalaris arundinaceae 

 (reed canary grass), more commonly on Elymus condensatus (wild rye 

 grass) and Agropyron spicatum (bluejoint grass). On these hosts it 

 is the cause of poisoning cattle. General medicinal uses known to 

 Indians. A very useful haemostatic. (Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 

 (No. Ill) 299.) (U. S. Disp. 511.) 



246. Clematis lasiantha Nutt. Pipe-stem. Large-flowered clematis. 

 Ranunculacece. 



Quite common. Requires study. Perhaps has properties like those 

 of C. erecta, C. flammula, C. vitalba and C. virginiana, which have 

 been used medicinally in the treatment of cancer, ulcers, syphilitic 

 eruptions, the itch, etc. Some species are much cultivated as orna- 

 mental plants. 



247. Clematis ligustifolia Nutt. Ranunculacece. 



Stem and leaves are chewed to cure colds. Another common Cali- 

 fornia species known as hill clematis. 



248. Clintonia andrewsiana Torr. Purple clintonia. Liliacece. 

 Considered a valuable diuretic, mild tonic and demulcent. (Kel- 

 logg, Trans. State Agr. Soc., p. 148.) 



249. Cnicus (Carduus) benedictus L. Blessed thistle. Compositce. 

 Introduced in the University gardens at Berkeley, but threatened 



to spread as a noxious weed and was promptly exterminated. Leaves 

 worth about twenty-five cents per pound. Seeds and herb used in 

 medicine. 



250. Cocos species. Coco nuts. Palmce. 



The cocoa nut palms thrive in southern California. Many species 

 and varieties are being introduced. 



