PHABMACAL PLANTS AND THEIR CULTURE. 145 



T")!'. Sabatia species. Centaury. Gentianacece. 

 Much used in popular medicine ; valued as a tonic and antiperiodic. 

 Used as a substitute for quinine in the Southwest. 



753. Saccharum officinarum L. Sugar cane. Graminece. 



This is the sugar cane of the South, and may be grown in portions of 

 mthern California. It yields sugar and syrup, used in medicine chiefly 

 a vehicle. 



754. Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Common arrowhead. Alismacece. 

 Common in California on river islands and along the river shores of 



te interior. The tubers are highly relished by the Chinese and Indians. 



755. Salicornia ambigua Michx. Pickleweed. Chenipodiacece. 

 This and other species yield impure soda on combustion. Pickled and 



iten in England. Relished by cattle. Used as a pot herb. (U. of C. 

 :. Exp. Sta. Rep., 1895-97.) 



756. Salix species. Willows. Salicacece. 



There are eight native species. Other species and varieties are being 

 itroduced. The bark is rich in tannin; used in basket making, etc. 



757. Salix lasiolepis Benth. Arroyo willow. Salicacece.. 



A strong bark decoction is used as a w r ash for the itch. Given inter- 

 lally to cure chills and fever and to cause sweating. The roots and 

 leaves are also used medicinally, particularly in fever and ague. 

 (Proc. A. Ph. A. 27: 274, 1897.) (U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 331.) 



758. Salvia species. Sage. Labiatce. 



Numerous species and varieties, native and introduced, are found in 

 te State. Some are cultivated as ornamental plants, and others as 

 fden herbs. The seeds of several native species are eaten. Sage is a 

 >pular spice and medicinally is much used as a diaphoretic. It has 

 astringent properties. (Cycl. Am. Hort.) (U. S. D.) (Proc. A. Ph. A. 

 172-174, 1882.) 



759. Salvia columbariae Benth. Sage. Chia. Labiatce. 



Seeds used by the Indians, in soups, etc. They are rich in mucilage, 

 'he ancient Mexicans cultivated this plant for the seed, which consti- 

 ited an important article of diet, (Cal. Geol. Surv. Bot. 1 : 599.) The 

 seed meal mixed with water forms an excellent emulsion drink in gastro- 

 intestinal disorders. The mucilaginous seeds are placed under the 

 eyelid to remove foreign particles. (Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 384.) 

 (U. S. Geog. Surv. Wheeler's Rep. Bot. 6: 49.) (U. of C. Agr. Exp. 

 Sta. Rep., page 358, 1897-98.) 



760. Sambucus canadensis L. Elder. Caprifoliacece. 



A well-known cosmopolitan medicinal plant. Thrives everywhere. 



10 BF 



