32 WOOD-USING INDUSTRIES OF CALIFORNIA. 



Douglas fir (Oregon pine, yellow fir, Washington fir) . California ; 



Oregon ; Washington. 



Of total amount of Douglas fir manufactured 4.8 per cent used in 

 this industry. 



Staves and heading for tight stock : sugar barrels, cracker barrels, etc. 



Strong, flexible; contains pitch which renders it unfit for wine 

 barrels, as no suitable filler has been f ound. 



Stave-bolts : rough, lumber, mixed grades, f to f inch thick. 

 Western hemlock. Oregon; Washington. 



Of total amount of hemlock manufactured 40.8 per cent used in this 

 industry. 



Staves and heading for slack stock. 



Strong, tough, flexible. 



Stave bolts : lumber, surfaced on one side, 7-16 to J inch thick. 



By-products : broken staves and heads converted into heads for small 

 kegs. 



Sitka spruce. Oregon ; Washington. 



Of total amount of spruce manufactured 5.4 per cent used in this 

 industry. 



Tight stock. 



Tasteless ; seems to be a likely substitute for oak. 



Stave bolts. 

 White fir. California. 



Of total amount of white fir manufactured 13.5 per cent used in this 

 industry. 



Slack stock. 



Light, strong. 



Rough, planed and jointed, f to f inch thick. 



By-products: broken staves and heads converted into heads for small 

 kegs. 

 White oak, quarter-sawed (eastern oak). Middle West ; South. 



Of total amount of quartered white oak manufactured 31.5 per cent 

 used in this industry. 



Barrels and small cooperage. 



Strong, tough. 



Rough, first grade, 1, 1-J and If inches thick. 

 Elm. New England ; Lake States ; Middle West. 



Of total amount of elm manufactured 75 per cent used in this 

 industry. 



Hoops for beer, cracker, salt and sugar barrels. 



Strong, tough, bends well. 



Finished, first grade, 6 hoops to the barrel. 





