100 STREET AND HIGHWAY PLANTING. 



3. Look out for a limb that shows fungus growths. Every 

 fungus sends out a lot of fibres into the main body of the limb, 

 which draw out its sap. The interior of the branch then loses all 

 strength and becomes like powder. Outside appearances do not 

 show the interior condition, but one can be sure that every time he 

 sees a fungus cropping out, there is trouble behind it and the limb 

 is not altogether safe. 



4. When a limb is full of holes or knots, it generally indicates 

 that borers have been working all kinds of galleries through it, 

 making it unsafe. The silver maple and sycamore maple are 

 especially full of borers, which in many cases work on the under 

 side of the branch, so that the man in the tree looking down can not 

 see its dangerous condition. 



5. A dead limb with bark falling off indicates that it died at 

 least three months before, and is therefore less safe than one with 

 its bark tightly adhering to it. 



6. Branches are more apt to snap on a frosty day when they 

 are covered with an icy coating than on a warm summer day. 



7. A rainy or drizzly day causes the branches of a tree to be 

 slippery and greater precautions are then necessary. 



8. Always use the pole-saw and pole-shear on the tips of long 

 branches, and the pole-hook in removing dead branches of the 

 ailanthus and other brittle trees, where it would be too dangerous 

 to reach them otherwise. 



9. Examine your ladder before using it. 



10. Be sure of the strength of your branch before tying an exten- 

 sion ladder to it. 



11. Do not slant the extension ladder too much. 



12. Always watch the upper end of your ladder. 



13. Do not forget to use the 'danger sign' on streets where falling 

 branches are apt to injure careless passers-by. 



14. Always consult your foreman before taking up any job where 

 risk is involved." 



