106 STREET AND HIGHWAY PLANTING. 



Stomach Poisons. 

 Paris green : 



1 pound Paris green. 

 3 pounds lime. 

 100 gallons water. 

 Arsenate of lead : 



No. 1. 3 pounds arsenate of lead. 



50 gallons water. 

 No. 2. 12 ounces acetate of lead. 



4 ounces arsenate of soda. 



15 to 20 gallons water. 



Contact Poisons. 



Common soap : 



1 pound to 8 gallons water. 

 Lime-sulphur : 



20 pounds lime. 



14 pounds sulphur. 



40 gallons water. 

 Whale-oil soap : 



1 pound to 6 gallons water. 

 Kerosene emulsion : 



2 gallons kerosene. 



\ pound common soap. 

 1 gallon water. 



There are many satisfactory sprays on the market under both these 

 headings. 



Aside from insect enemies, trees are subject to the attacks of various 

 fungi. These diseases are not of as much importance as insect troubles 

 because they are less frequent in their occurrence. Trees which are 

 growing vigorously and are uninjured offer very poor ground for 

 fungous attack. Most fungous diseases must find their way into a tree 

 through some wound; and once inside of the tree it is almost hopeless 

 to combat them. 



Fungi are parasitic plants which live upon the elaborated materials 

 of the host. As they possess no chlorophyll, they can not build up 

 their food materials from the crude substance found in the soil. After 

 the spores, which are the reproductive bodies of the fungus correspond- 

 ing to the seeds of the flowering plants after these spores find their 

 way into the tissues of the plant they germinate and send out long 

 delicate thread-like structures, which are called hypa% and collectively 

 form the mycelium. On the hypag, in some forms, are small bodies, 

 called haustoria, which penetrate the cell walls and absorb the cell 

 contents. In other species the hypae themselves penetrate cell walls 



