Rubus. ROSACEiE. 2.71 



on sliort bracteate peduncles in spikes J- to 2 inches lon;^^ : calyx-lobes silky, exceed- 

 ing the tube and nearly equalling the spatulate petals : iilanients and styles exserted : 

 carpels 3 to 8 (as. many as the lobes of the calyx), somewhat villous ov glabrous, 

 2-seeded. — Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 412; Watson, But. King Exp. 81. 



In the mountains from New Mexico and Utah to Nortliern Nevada ( IVatson) and the Cascade 

 Mountains, Oregon {Ncivbcrry) ; probably in Nortliern ('alifornia. A singular subalpine species. 



S. I-ECTINATA, Torr. & Gray. A low herbaceous (•rspit,,s,. nearly glabrous perennial, with crcci.- 

 ing stems and erect leafy branches : leaves rigid, attciiuiilc-lincur below, twiceor thrice 3-cleft, the 

 lobes acute, narrow, spreading: raceme short, .siniplc or ( uiiipiiund, inilicsccnt : caly.x-lobes ex- 

 ceeding the tube, nearly equalling the white olxiviitr ]« lals : Iilanients imduded : carpels 4 to 

 6, nearly smooth, 4-6-seeded. — FL i. 417. LiitLni sihh,ihli,,i,l,s, lloni^rai-d, Veg.' Sitcha, 130, 

 t. 2. Erio(jynia iKctinata, Hook. Fl. i. 255, t. 88, From Uehring Stiai'ts to' the Cascade Moun- 

 tains {Newberry), and perhaps on the higher mountains of Northern California. 



4. NEILLIA, Don. Nine-bark. 

 Carpels 1 to 5, in our species inflated and divergent : ovules two to several, some 

 ascending, some pendulous : seeds qbovoid or subglobose, with a smooth and shining 



crustaceous testa, evident rhaphe, and copious albumen : otherwise as Spiraea. 



Diffuse shrubs ; leaves simple, toothed or lobed ; stipules rather large, deciduous ; 

 flowers large, white, in simple corymbs or panicled racemes. 



Only 4 or 5 species, confined to the mountains of Asia, with the following exceptions. 

 1. N. opulifolia, Benth. & Hook. A shrub 3 to 10 feet high, with slender 

 spreading or recurved branches and ash-colored shreddy bark : leaves ovate or often 

 cordate, 3-lobed and tootlied, 1 to 3 inches long, on slender petioles, nearly gla- 

 brous : flowers on long slender pedicels in simple umbel-like hemisplierical tomentose 

 corymbs : calyxdobes shorter than the rounded petals, usually pubescent on both 

 sides : carpels 2 to 5, at length 2 to 4 lines long and membranaceous, glabrous, 

 2 - 4-seeded : seeds oblong-ovate, a line long. — Spircea opulifolia, Linn. 



Var. mollis, Hook. Leaves somewhat stellate-pubescent beneath, and inflores- 

 cence more densely tomentose. — Fl. i. 171. Spircea capitata, Pursh. 



On the rocky banks of streams from the Bay of San Francisco northward to British Americ;i, 

 and eastward across the continent. Another species, N. Torrci/i, Watson, with smaller leaves 

 and flowers, and tomentose ovaries, is found from the East Humboldt JMts., Nevada, to Coloratlo. 



5. RUBUS, Linn. Easpberrt. Blackberry. 

 Calyx persistent, 5-lobed, without bractlets ; tube short and open. Petals 5, con- 

 spicuous. Stamens numerous. Carpels usually numerous upon a convex receptacle, 

 becoming small globose 1-seeded drupes : styles nearly terminal : ovules 2, pen- 

 dulous : putamen reticulately pitted. — Perennial herbs or somewhat woody, erect or 

 trailing, often prickly ; leaves simple or pinnately 3 - 7-foHolate, with stipules adnate 

 to the petioles ; flowers white or reddish, in panicles or corymbs, or solitary ; fruit 

 usually edible, black, red, or yellowish, 



A large genus of nearly 500 described species, reducible to lialf as many, widely distributed 

 over the globe ; 20 or more are North Anieriean. Tin' speeies are variable and often of dilticult 

 determination. Two California n s|ieeies aic (iiltivated ainoad for ornament, but none for fruit. 

 The Garden Raspberry is the Kuiojieaii /,'. Ii/,f,/s, I, inn., which the /i. strk/osus, Michx., of the 

 Eastern States and Rocky Mountains, ai)i)roaches very closely. The culti\-ated Blackbcriies are 

 mostly forms of E. villosus, Ait., of the Atlantic States. 



§ 1. Fmit ivith a hloom, separating from the receptacle when ripe. — Raspberry. 



* Leaves simple, palmatebj lohed : stem soft-ivoody, without prickles : flowers large. 



1. R. Nutkanus, ]\Ioi;ino. (Salmon-berry.) Stems erect or drooi)ing, 3 to S 

 feet high ; bark green and smooth or more or less glandular-pubescent, becoming 



