Galium. RUBIACE^. ^oq 



A.tl'^lT. 5?f ' ^^'P^f 'I *^™"g^ t?^ temperate regions. Wlien the uppermost leaves are re- 

 duced to a single pair, they occasionally show some rudiments of the projH.V stipules of the order 

 In several Californian species the flowers are dicBcious. -The species, being 'rather uumei^u. 

 may be more readily determined by the aid of the following artificial key. ""»«-iou-s 



Leaves mostly in whorls of eight. 

 Leaves all in sixes : fruit not hairy, 

 Leaves in fives and sixes : fruit hairy, 



Leaves mostly in fives or sixes on the stem, in fours on the branches, 

 Leaves in fours, or some only in pairs. 

 Fruit berry-like, not hairy. 



Low, hispid : leaves ovate : root fibrous. 

 Taller, with thick or woody root : leaves small, narrow, 

 Perennial-tufted, dwarf : flowers perfect, white : leaves crowded, awl- 

 shaped, 

 Fruit dry. 



Low annual : leaves lanceolate : flowers perfect, white, 

 Perennials, with dull purple flowers. 



Leaves oblong-linear, minutely hirsute or nearly glabrous. 

 Leaves ovate or oblong, cinereous-pubescent. 

 Perennial herb, erect, white-flowered : leaves 3-nerved, lanceolate. 

 Perennial, or woody at base : flowers dull yellowisa or whitish, dioe- 

 cious : fruit long-hairy. 

 Tall : leaves linear. 



Low : leaves ovate or broadly lanceolate : fruit very long-haired. 

 Glabrous and smooth, 

 Cinereous-puberulent, 



§ 1. Fruit herry-lihe at maturity, as in i/aric/er.— Eelbunium, Eudl., Benth. & Hook. 

 1. G. Calif ornicum, Hook. & Arn. Low, much branched from an annual (?) 

 reddish fibrous root, hispid with widely spreading stiff hairs : leaves in fours, thin- 

 nish, ovate and ovate-lanceolate, cuspidately acute or mucronate : flowers dioidously 

 polygamous ; the fertile ones solitary on short naked peduncles at the enA of the 

 branches or on upper forks, recurved in fruit ; the sterile ones terminal in threes • 

 corolla yellowish ; its lobes ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous : fruit inirple "la- 

 brous or nearly so. — Bot. Beech, p. 349 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 20, excl. var. ' ^ 



Common from San Francisco southward towards the coast. The larger forms with less ri-id 

 hairiness resemble the S. American G^. Rclhm (and like it are apt to'have a minutely hii^ute 

 or pubescent ovary ; but that is well distinguished by a small 4-Wed involucel at the aiK-x of 

 the peduncle, withm which the flower is sessile. ^ 



2. G. Nuttallii, Gray. Stem rising from a thick and firm or woody root or 

 rootstock, 1 to 3 leet high, or climbing higlier on bushes, and much branchiu" • 

 branchlets minutely aculeolate-scabrous on the angles : leaves in fours or tlie upper- 

 most often only in pairs (3 to 5 or on branchlets only 2 or 3 lines long), thickish, 

 varying from ovate-oblong to linear-lanceolate, mostly smooth excejit tlfe siiinulose- 

 ciliate margins : flowers solitary, minute : lobes of the white corolla ovate : pedic-eis 

 naked, reflexed in fruit : ovary glabrous : fruit small, decidedly baccate. — PI 

 Wright. 1. 80, in note. G. suffruticosum, N'utt. in Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 



Hills and low grounds, Marin Co. to San Diego. Apparently varies greatly. Often "forms 

 thickets, or is supported on shrubs, in the manner of the eastern G. asprcllum. 



§ 2. Frztit dry at maturity. 

 •■:< Animals : fruit minutely hispid with hooJced bristles : flowers perfect. 



3. G. bifolium, Watson. Smooth and glabrous, small (3 to G inches high), at 

 length branched : leaves in depauperate .specimens only a single i)air. witli bases 

 connected by a scarious stii)ular line ; in vigorous specin'ions 4 in the wlmrls, lance- 

 olate, the alternate pair (answering to stipules) from half to thR>e, ipiartrrs smaller : 

 peduncles solitary, lateral and terminal, naked, l-flowered, about p(|iialliiig th.- 

 leaves when in fruit, spreading : corolla minute, white : fruit recurved on tlie aj>ex 

 of the peduncle. — Bot. King. 134, t. 14, fig. 8. 



