COMPOSITE. 295 



70. Monolopia. Receptacle conical. Scales of the involucre united into a cup or only at 



base. Rays broad, 2 - 4-lobed, in the typical species bearing a rounded appendage on 

 the opjjosite side of the thi-oat. Akenes obovate or oblong, the outer ones obcompres.sed ; 

 the terminal areola small : pappus none. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, entire or 

 pinnately parted. Woolly plants. 



71. Lasthenia § Hologymne. Receptacle conical. Scales of the involucre united almost to 



their tips into a 10 - 15-toothed cup. Akenes linear-oblong : pappus none. Leaves all 

 opposite, entire, sessile and connate at base. Glabrous plant. 



++ ++ ++ Rays none, the marginal pistillate flowers having short tubular corollas. 



72. Amblyopappus. Head several-flowered. Involucre of 4 to 6 scales. Corollas all very 



short, those of pistillate flowers 2 - 4-toothed, of the perfect flowers 5-toothed. Akenes 

 oblong-cuneate, 4-angled : pappus of blunt scales. 



-i- -i- Receptacle flat : scales of the involucre narrow, chiefly linear. 



++ Heads with regular ligulate and pistillate rays. 



73. Amauria. Involucre hemispherical, many-flowered, of numerous scales. Pappus none. 



Leaves round-cordate, petioled, palmately lobed or toothed, all the lower ones opiMisitc 



74. Hulsea. Involucre hemispherical, very many-flowered, of very numerous scales, r.-ipims 



of 4 short thin-hyalLne blunt and nerveless scales. Leaves alternate, pinnately luljcd or 

 tootlied. 



75. Rigiopappus. Involucre campanulate, rather many-flowered. Rays short and inconspicu- 



ous. Pappus of 4 or 5 rigid opaque awn-shaped scales. Leaves alternate, linear, 

 entire. 

 ++ ++ Heads destitute of ligulate rays, and homogamous, at least in Califomian species ; but the 

 marginal corollas sometimes enlarged. 



76. Palafoxia. Involucre narrow, several-flowered. Lobes or teeth of the coi'olla narrow. 



Paiipus of hyaline scales traversed by a stout midrib. Roughish herbs or shrubs, with 

 altciiiate entire narrow leaves, and rose or purple flowers. 



77. Chaenactis. Involucre campanulate or hemispherical. Lobes or teeth of the corolla short 



and broad. Pappus of blunt hyaline nerveless or nearly nerveless scales, rarely want- 

 ing. Woolly, viscid-glandular, or nearly smooth herbs, with alternate 1 - 3-pinnately 

 parted leaves, and yellow or flesh-colored flowers, the marginal ones commonly enlarged. 

 Rarely some rigid bristles on the receptacle. 



* * Akenfis turbinate or obpyramidal : leaves all or aU but the lower alteraate. 



+■ Scales of the involucre or their tips spreading or reflexed : rays cuneate, 3 - 5-lobed : pappus 



of hyaline commonly awn-pointed scales. 



78. Gaillardia. Rays neutral. Receptacle with some rigid awns among the flowers. Akenes 



involucellate with villous hairs. 



79. Helenium. Rays commonly fertile. Receptacle wholly naked. 



+- -i- Scales of the involucre erect or appressed : disk-flowers fertile, their style 2-cleft : akenes 



hirsute or villous. 

 SO. Actinella. Rays 8 to 12, pistillate. Involucre of numerous scales. Receptacle conical or 

 convex. Pappus of 5 to 12 hyaline entire scales. 



81. Syntrichopappus. Rays 5, pistillate. Involucre of 5 concave scales which partly enclose 



the ray-akenes. Receptacle flat. Pappus of numerous rough bristles, all united at base 

 into a ring. 



82. Trichoptilium. Rays none. Involucre of about 10 thin and flat scales. Receptacle flat. 



Pappus of 5 broad hyaline scales, cleft into many slender bristles. 



+■ -fr- +- Scales of the involucre not reflexed, united at the base, in a single series : disk-flowers 

 sterile, their style entire : akenes powdery-papillose. 



83. Blennosperma. Rays an elliptical or oblong ligule completely sessile on the pyriform 



akene. Pappus none. Leaves pinnately parted. 



* * * Akenes oblong, flat, surrounded by a cartilaginous margin. 



84. Perityle. Involucre campanulate, of narrow scales. Disk-corollas 4-toothed. Pappus a 



crown of minute scales or bristles, and mostly one or two awns. Leaves palmately lobed 

 or incised, petioled ; the lower opposite. 



Subtribe IV. TAGETINE/E. Involucre of few or several equal scales in a single series, 

 with or without some bractlets at base, spotted, as also the (glabrous) foliage, with large 

 scattered volatile-oil-glands. Hence the herbage is strong-scented. Rays deciduous. 

 {Tagetcs, the type of the group, common in gardens, probably occurs in waste places 

 near dwellings.) 



