Encelia. COMPOSITyE. og-. 



47. ENCELIA, Adanson. 

 Head many-flowered, heterogamous, witJi several or numerous neutral rays, or 

 rarely liomogamous, the rays wanting; disk-flowers perfect. Involucre hemispherical 

 or campanulate, of more or less imbricated and herbaceous scales. Receptacle flat- 

 tish ; the chaff subtending the disk-flowers mostly thin, concave or folded around 

 the akenes. Disk-corollas cylindraceous or somewhat funnelform, 5-toothed. 

 Style-appendages commonly more or less elongated, hirsute. Akenes flat (lateraUy 

 much compressed) and thin-edged, but wingless, obovate or oblong-oval with more 

 or less emarginate or bidentate summit, long-ciliate or naked. Pappus none or a 

 pair of awns ; no intermediate scales. — Perennial herbs, or with shrubby base (all 

 American and chiefly Western); with opposite or alternate and simple but sometimes 

 lobed leaves, and middle-sized or pretty large slender-peduncled heads of chiefly 

 yellow flowers, those of the disk occasionally brownish or purple. — Benth. & Hook. 

 Gen. ii. 378 (inch Gercea, Barattia, & Simsia) ; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 656. 



§ 1. Akenes villous-dliate : ^^appus none, or mere rudimentary awns to the abortive 

 raif-al-enes : leaves all or all hut the very lowest alternate. — Tvm Encelia. 

 1. E. Californica, ^utt. Woody at base, 2 to 4 feet high, strong-scented- 

 minutely pubescent and rather hoary, or becoming green and smoother : leaves (an 

 inch or two long) varying from ovate to broadly lanceolate, entire or occasionally 

 repand-toothed, rather indistinctly 3-ribbed from the base, abruptly petioled tlie 

 broader ones rounded at base : involucre wliite-villous : rays numerous, an 'inch 

 long,_ 2-4 toothed at the end: akenes obovate, very long-villous on the callous 

 margins, the notch at summit very shallow. 



Dry hills near the coast, Santa Barbara to San Diego, and thence to tlie Gila, wliere it is vari- 

 able often small,.,-, , epauperate apparently including all that has been referred to E. cmispersa, 

 Chilian' E olJZ //;,'//'r'°''''' emarginate and leaves less narrowed at base than in the 



2 E. farinosa, Gray. Shrubby at the base, silvery-canescent with a dense and 

 lurluraceous white tomentum, wholly glabrous where this is deciduous: leaves 

 ovate or ovatedanceolate with mostly cuneate base, entire, obtuse, 3-ribbed at base • 

 Jieads rather small and numerous, on slender peduncles, in a naked panicle or 

 corymb : involucre much shorter than the disk : rays 6 to 10, barelv half an inch 

 long: akenes obovateand with a deep narrow notch, long-ciUate. — Emory, Rep 

 143. E. nivea, Gray m Bot. Mex. Bound. 88, not of Benth. 



Southeastern California, and adjacent parts of Arizona, Coulter, Parry, Newberry, Cooper. 

 § 2. Akenes vUlons-ciliate and ivith a pappus of 2 chaffy atons : leaves mostly alter- 

 nate, naked-petioled. — Ger^a, Benth. {Ger(«a k Sinuia § Gera^a, Gray.) 



..n^l^'®"?^®^-^^^' ^T^-, Her^^'^ceous (perhaps annual or bienni.al) : stem 

 mostly simple, a loot or so high, leafy towards the base, naked and simple or looselv 

 corymbose above, sparsely hirsute : leaves very hirsute with long and spreadin"- 

 white hairs obovate or spatulate, and tapering into a margined petiole, or the xm^^ev- 

 most_ lanceolate and sessile, mostly with some coarse teeth : scales of the hemispher- 

 ical involucre hnear-lanceolate, loose, green and somewhat villous (as well as .glan- 

 dular) on the back, densely villons-ciliate with very long white hairs : i-ays 1^2 or 

 more, oblong-obovate, nearly entire: akenes cuneate-obovate, very villous on the 

 sides as well as margins, each margin produced at the broadly notched summit into 

 a rigKl naked persistent awn. —Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 657. Gera^a canescens, Torr. & 

 Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. v. 48. Simsia {Gera-a) canescens, Gray, PI. Fendl. 85. 

 Fort Mohave, Fort Yuma, and elsewhere along the (\,lo7-ado and vicinity. Coulter, FremoiU, 



