352 COMPOSIT.E. Encdm. 



Newhcrnj, Srliott, Cooper, &c. This must be a showy plant, with its (mostly corymbose) heads 

 adorned witli briKMl t^^dlden yellow rays (less than an inch long), and underneath the green scales 

 of the invohi. i V li inijcd with long white hairs. The original specific name is changed on account 

 of the old KH,rii,f n7,„-scnis. 



4. E. frutescens, Gray. Shrubby below, hispid-scabrous, loosely much branched, 

 2 or 3 feet high: branches terminating in single long-peduncled _ heads : leaves 

 small (rarely an inch in length), oblong or ovate, sometimes slightly cordate, 

 entire or obscurely toothed, short-petioled : heads small : involucre scabrous-hispid 

 or canescent: rays 6 to 12, cuneate-oblong and 3-4-lobed, sometimes wanting: 

 akenes obovate and with a shallow notch, glabrous on the sides, very villous on the 

 margins and the rather short or unequal (occasionally obsolete) persistent awns. — 

 Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 657. Simsia {Gercea) frutescens, Gray, Bot. Mex. Bound. 89. 

 Gravelly ravines, &c., southeastern borders of California and adjacent parts of Arizona, Nevada, 

 and Utah, Fremont, Emortj, Ncivherry, &c. Cordilleras near San Felipe, Sutton Hayes. 



48. HELIANTHELLA, Torr. & Gray. 



Head many-flowered, heterogaiuous, witli rather numerous neutral rays and per- 

 fect disk-flowers. Involucre hemispherical, of loosely imbricated linear-lanceolate 

 scales ; the outer mostly foliaceous and attenuate-acuminate ; innermost shorter and 

 somewhat chaffy. Eeceptacle flat or convex : chaff embracing the akenes. Disk- 

 corollas cylindraceous, 5-toothed ; the teeth puberulent-bearded. Style-appendages 

 hirsute, mostly short and obtuse. Akenes flat (laterally much compressed), obovate 

 or oblong, with thin and acute or narrowly wing-margined edges, and commonly 

 emarginate summit. Pappus an awn or chaffy tooth from each margin, and with 

 intermediate (often very small) thin chaffy or almost setiform scales, both occasion- 

 ally almost obsolete. — Perennial (North American) herbs ; with both opposite and 

 alternate entire leaves, large and chiefly solitary and long-peduncled terminal heads 

 of yellow flowers, and the general habit of Heliantkus or ]Vi/ethia. — Torr. & Gray, 

 Fl. ii. 333 ; the second section including the typical species ; with leaves lanceolate 

 or broader, and commonly triple-ribbed near the middle. 



1. H. Californica, Gray. Minutely hirsute-pubescent: stems slender, one_ to 

 thre"e feet high, occasionally branched : leaves spatulate-lanceolate, mostly opposite, 

 all tapering mto petioles : head often foKaceous-bracted : rays seldom much if at all 

 longer than the involucre : chaff obtuse : akenes obovate, smooth and glabrous 

 throughout, narrowly margined, mimately ciliate when young only near the summit : 

 pappus of two sliort triangular or subulate chaffy teeth and^ a crown of minute 

 squamellse, nearly obsolete at maturity. — Pacif. Pv. Ptep. iv. 103. 



Napa Valley, Bigeloiv. Near Clark's, Mariposa County, A. Gray. Sierra Valley, Lcmmon. 



H. L\xcEOLATA, Torr. & Gray, which has akenes naked and with a pair of slender awns but 

 hardlv any crown ; H. itniflora, Torr. & Gray, with large head, akenes silky-villous on the lace 

 as w, '11 ns'maro-ins, a pair of stout awns, and a conspicuous crown of long and nan-ow squamellK 

 b.'twr,.u them ; and possibly H. Parryi, Gray, with much smaller heads, narrower leaves^ but 

 similar akenes, vet shorter or obsolete awns (at least its variety miaticaulis, H. vmUicauiis, i.aton 

 in Bot. King Eip.), occurring north and east of California, may be found near its borders. 



49. HELIANTHUS, Linn. Sunflower. 



Head many-flowered, heterogamous, with neutral ray- and perfect disk-flowers. 



Involucre hemispherical or broader, of imbricated scales, more commonly with narrow 



herbaceous or foliaceous tips. Eeceptacle flat or convex, with chaff embracing the 



akenes of the disk-flowers. Rays mostly entire : disk-corollas cylindrical, 5-toothed. 



