392 COMPOSITE. Gaillardia. 



G. PiNNATiFiDA, Ton"., of Coloimlo and New Mexico, may approach California by way of Ari- 

 zona. The following Western species is almost sure to be found along the northern borders of the 

 State, and is therefore admitted. It is the only truly perennial species, except the rare and 

 remarkable G. acaitlis, Gray, in Am. Natui-alist, ix. 273, recently discovered by Dr. Parry in 

 Southern Utah. 



1 . Gr. aristata, Pursh. Perennial, a span to a foot or more liigh : loAvest leaves 

 spatulate or oblanceolate, sometimes pinnatifid, ta[)ering into petioles ; the upper 

 sessile and often entire : bristles on tlie receptacle slender, much longer than the 

 akenes, sometimes almost as long as the corolla : rays 10 to 18, an inch or more in 

 length, yeUow, sometimes tinged witli purple at the very base. — Lindl. Bot. Peg. 

 t. 1186 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2940. 



Plains and open ground, common through Oregon, extending to the Saskatchewan region. 



79. HELENIUM, Linn. Sneeze-weed. 



Head many-flowered, witli numerous or several pistillate (rarely infertile or 

 neutral) rays : disk-flowers small and very numerous, all fertile. Involucre of one 

 or two series of mostly small scales ; the outer ones foliaceous or herbaceous, narrow 

 and unequal ; innermost shorter and more membranaceous ; all spreading and at 

 length reflexed. Eeceptacle mostly globular or hemispherical, naked. Pays nearly 

 .or cpiite destitute of tube, mostly cuneate, palmately 3 - 5-lobed, usually drooping : 

 disk-corollas cylindraceous above the usually very short and narrow proper tube ; 

 the 5 or sometimes 4 teeth short and obtuse, glandular. Style-branches with capi- 

 tate-truncate tips. Akenes turbinate, striate-ribbed, hairy on the ribs. Pappus of 

 5 to 12 thin or hyaline chaffy scales, with or without a midrib, and either blunt, 

 apiculate, or awn-pointed. — Erect simple or branching herbs (X. American and 

 Mexican) ; with all the leaves alternate and all but the lower sessile, often decur- 

 rent into wings on the striate stem ; heads small or large, on naked peduncles 

 terminating the stem or branches ; flowers yellow, or those of the disk at tip turn- 

 ing broAvnish or purplish (the rays in some eastern species in part brown-purple). 

 Foliage minutely impressed-punctate, or dotted Avith resinous globides, puberulent 

 or nearly glabrous. — Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. ix. 202. 



* Heads large, the disk an inch in diameter and the rays about an inch long : root 

 perennicU : stems, d'c, someivhat wooUg-jyuhescent when young. 



1. H. Hoopesii, Gray. Stem stout, a foot or two high, leafy to the top, bear- 

 ing 1 to 6 heads on rather slender peduncles : leaves pale, glabrous or becoming so, 

 thTckish, entire, oblong-lanceolate, or the lowest spatulate with a long tapering base : 

 rays cuneate-linear and moderately 2 - 3- toothed at tip, these and the involucre 

 tardily reflexed : scales of the pappus lanceolate, gradually tapering into a subulate 

 or awn-like point, a little shorter than the disk-corolla. — Proc. Acad. Philad. 

 1863, 65. 



Sierra Nevada at Sonora Pass {Brnver, Bolandcr) ; thence to the Rocky Mountains in Colorado. 

 Leaves 2 to 4, or the lowest 8 to 10, inches long, half an inch to an inch and a half wide. Disk- 

 corolla with a rather long tube. Akenes rather slender. 



2. H. Bolanderi, Gray. Stem stout, a foot or two high, simple or sparingly 

 branched, leafy below : heads on mostly long and naked very thick peduncles en- 

 larging at the summit : leaves obovate or ovate-lanceolate, entire : rays cuneate, 

 3-lobed, deflexed (in the usual manner of the genus) : scales of the pappus lanceolate 

 or subulate, commonly beset with 3 or 4 almost setiform teeth, and tapering into a 

 slender awn which almost equals the disk-corolla. — Proc. Am. Acad. vii. 358. 



