Campanula. CAMPAXULACEiE. 4^-7 



developed corolla half an inch hioad. Capsules about 4 lines long, intcnm-diatc in at.pcar- 

 ance between S. falcata, A. DC, of tlie Old World, and ,V. jjcr/oliala, with which Alph. Dc ('au- 

 dolle and others have confounded it ; but iiuite distinct from Ijoth. The name is uot a happy 

 one : but there are frequently two flowers in each axil, one later than the otlier. 



2. S. perfoliata, A. DC. Stouter, a si)au to two feet high, simple or with sim- 

 ple brandies, very leafy throughout, roughish-hairy, rarely ahnost glabrous : leaves 

 clasping, round-cordate, crenate : flowers sessile in the axils, often clustered, of two 

 , kinds, as in the preceding species : capsule oblong or sHghtly clavate ; the valvular 

 openings as low as the middle. 



Open grounds, Plumas Co. {Lemmon) to Oregon, and common through the Atlantic States ■ 

 also in Mexico. ' 



3. HETEROCODON, Nutt. 

 Flowers of two sorts ; the lower and earlier ones with merely rudimentary corolla 

 and fertilized in the bud. Calyx with obovate or inversely pyramidal tube much 

 shorter than the foliaceous lobes ; these are broadly ovate, sharply toothed, veiny, 

 3 or 4 in the earlier, 5 in the later flowers. Corolla short-campanuhite, .5-lobed. 

 Stamens and style as in Cam2m7mla. Capsule 3-celled, 3-angled, very thin and 

 membranaceous, the delicate walls bursting indefinitely on the sides. Seeds numer- 

 ous, oblong, obscurely triangular. — Nutt. 1. c. viii. 255. A single species. 



1. H. rariflorum, Mitt. A very delicate little annual, sparsely bristly-hirsute, 

 otherwise glabrous, with leafy filiform stems 3 to 20 inches long, diffusely branch- 

 ing : leaves rounded and with cordate base, partly clasping, acutely and coarsely 

 many-toothed, thin, 3 to 6 lines wide : flowers terminal becoming lateral, also axil- 

 lary, solitary, sessile : calyx-lobes foliaceous, 1 to 3 lines long, rather shorter than 

 the well-developed pale blue corolla, mostly longer than the capsule, the sides of 

 which give way vaguely in age, but not by halves. 



Shady and grassy places, from Napa Co. and Mariposa Co. (at 4,000 feet) to Oregon : also 

 collected in the mountains of Nevada. Reduced by IJentham and Hooker to C'aitipanula, but 

 better kept up. 



4. CAMPANULA, Tourn. Bellflower. 

 Flowers all alike. Calyx-lobes narrow. Corolla campanulate or near it, 5-lobed 

 or 5-cleft. Stamens 5 : filaments dilated at base. Capsule short, 3 - 5-celled, open- 

 ing on the sides or near the base by 3 to 5 small uplifted valves leaving round per- 

 forations, many-seeded. — Chiefly perennial herbs, all of the northern hemisphere, 

 many with showy flowers ; the inflorescence centrifugal or irregular. 



The few Californian (indeed all the North American) species are blue-flowered, destitute of any 

 appendages between the calyx-lobes, and the stigmas and cells of the capsule only three. 



* Stem-leaves all linear or lanceolate and entire. 



1. C. rotundifolia, Linn. A span to a foot high, glabrous, slender and weak : 

 radical leaves roundish ovate or heart-shaped and toothed, on slender petioles, early 

 withering away ; stem-leaves all narrow : flowers several on slender ])eduncles which 

 are nodding in fruit : calyx-lobes very slender : corolla campanulate : pod opening 

 by small holes or valves close to the base. 



This, the common species round the northern hemisphere, occurs near the bordei-s of the State 

 north and east, and doubtless within the limits, growing in crevices of rocks, in shady places. 

 The corolla vai-ies from half an inch to an inch in length. 



* * Stem-leaves ovate or ohlonrf-lanceolate, tootJied : capsides apparentli/ not drooping 

 in fruit, and opening hy holes above the base. Species peculiar to California, except 

 the first, which extends northwards. 



