SCROPHULARTACE.E. 547 



lower) lobes. Ovary 2-celle(l, tlie placente being iirinly united in the axis ((ir in 

 Mimulus § Diplacus little if at all so) : ovules very nunier(jus or occasionally few ; 

 anatropous or ampliitroj^ous. 8eeds mostly small. — Herbs, or sometimes .slirulw, 

 very rarely trees, destitute of colored juice, with the general inllorescence imleter- 

 minate in all genuine members of the order, but when compound the partial in- 

 florescence determinate, i. e. the axillary clusters are cymes : in Veronica, itc, in- 

 determinate, i. e. racemes or spikes. 



A large and wide-spread family, of over 150 genera, numerously represented in California. 

 Generally bitterish, many inert, some narcotic-poisonous, the common Foxglove (Digitalis) of 

 Europe useful in medicine and ornamental in cultivation, as are species of Pcnlslemon, ColUiisia, 

 Mimulus, and others. 



I. Upper lip of the corolla covering the lower in the bud. 

 * Stamens all five present and anther-bearing. 



1. Verbascum. Corolla wheel-shaped. Filaments woolly. Leaves alternate. 



* * Stamens two pairs with anthers, or one pair in No. 4 : capsule opening by holes or chinks 

 near the apex : corolla })ersonate, gibbous or spurred at base anteriorly : peduncles l-flowcred. 



2. Linaria. Corolla strongly bilabiate, spurred at base. 



3. Antirrhinum. Corolla only saccate or gibbous at base. Stamens 4. 



4. Mohavea. Corolla merely gibbous at base. FertUe stamens 2 : anthers confluently 1 -celled. 



+ * * Stamens two pairs with anthers : capsule opening from top to bottom by valves : leaves all 



opposite or whorled. 



+- Stigma small and entire or minutely 2-cleft : calyx 5-parted. 



5. Scrophularia. Corolla erect, short and ventricose, with 5 short lobes ; the anterior one 



retlexed, the others erect : a scale in the throat on the upper side answers to tlie fifth 

 stamen. Peduncles cymosely several-flowered. 



6. Collinsia. Corolla declined, with ventricose tube gibbous posteriorly, bilabiate, the middle 



loVie of the lower lip folded lengthwise into a sac which encloses the stamens and .style : a 

 gland on the base of the corolla answers to the fifth stamen. Peduncles 1 -flowered. 



7. Touella. Corolla obscurely if at all bilabiate ; the lobes rotately spreading, flat : otherwise 



nearly as Collinsia. 



8. Pentstemon. Corolla more or less bilabiate, open. Sterile filament of the fifth (posterior) 



stamen long and conspicuous. 



-^HH Stigma dilated, 2-lipped, or a broad disk : peduncles all 1 -flowered. 



9. Mimulus. Calyx 5-toothed or barely 5-cleft, 5-angled. Cells of the anther contiguous. 



10. Stemodia. Calyx deeply 5-parted. Cells of the anther separated, as if stalked. 



* * * * Stamens only a single pair with anthers : the anterior pair reduced to sterile filaments 

 or sometimes wanting altogether : capsule opening from top to bottom by valves : stigma of 2 

 flat lobes : calyx 5-parted : leaves all opposite : peduncles 1-flowered. 



11. Gratiola. Sterile filaments simple or none. Capsule 4-valved. 



12. Ilysanthes. Sterile filaments unequally 2-forked, borne high on the throat of the corolla. 



II. Lower lip of the corolla covering the upper in the bud. 

 * Corolla rotate or short-eampanulate, not evidently bilabiate. 



13. Limosella. Calyx (f.-toothed) and corolla (5-cleft) rnnii>;iimlat.-, nearly regular. Stamens 4, 



nearly (H\ni\\ : "anthers confluently 1-celled. Fraunr], s srain-likr, l-flowered. 



14. Synthyris. Calyx 4-parted. Corolla 4-lobed, cainpannlatc. Stamens 2 : anthers 2-celled. 



Flowers racemed. Leaves alternate. 



15. Veronica. Calyx 4-parted. Corolla rotate, 4-lobed ; the lower lobe narrower. Stamens 



2 : cells of the anther confluent at their tips. Flowers mostly racemed and leaves 

 opposite. 



* * Corolla tubular ; the upper lip (galea) erect or incurved, laterally compressccl ; the lower 

 various : stamens ascending under or enclosed in the upper lip : capsule loculicidal : flowers 

 spicate or rarely racemed. 



+- Anthers unequally 2-eelled or sometimes 1 -celled. 



16. Castilleia. Corolla narrow, with lower lip very short, or small in pi-ojwrtion to the upper. 



Calyx tubular, cleft anteriorly or posteriorly or both. Jlostly perennials. 



