648 SCROPHULAEIACE^. Verhascum. 



17. Orthocarpus. Corolla with saccate lower lip large in proportion to the upper. Calyx 



tubular or eampanulate, 4-cleft. All but one annuals. 



18. Cordylanthus. Lips of the corolla both short, of nearly equal length ; the lower merely 



3-crenulate. Calyx spathaceous, 2-leaved, anterior and posterior, or the anterior division 

 wanting. Annuals. 



+- +- Anthers equally 2-celled. 



1 9. Pedicularis. Calyx irregular. Corolla various ; lower lip 3-lobed. Perennials. 



1. VERBASCUM, Linn. Mullein. 

 Calyx 5-parted. Corolla rotate, more or less irregularly 5-lobed, the lobes broad 

 and rounded. Stamens 5, all with anthers, but more or less dissimilar : all the fila- 

 ments or the three upper woolly : anthers transverse. Style flattened and enlarged 

 at the tip, entire. Capsule globular, many-seeded. — Flowers in racemes or spikes. 



The Mulleins all belong to the Old World : some are introduced weeds in the New. But even 

 the common one, F. Thapsus, is yet unknown on the Pacific coast, although a Moth ]\Iullein, 

 different from that found in the Atlantic States, is sparingly spontaneous. 



1. V. virgatum, Withering, Annual or biennial, 3 or 4 feet high : leaves ob- 

 long, crenate-toothed, nearly glabrous : raceme loose and virgate, somewhat hairy 

 and glandular : pedicels not longer than the broadish calyx-lobes, some of them 

 clustered : corolla yellow or sometimes white : filaments all violet-bearded. 



Waste grounds, naturalized in a few places, from Southern Europe, probably by way of Mexico. 



2. LINARIA, Tourn. Toad-flax. 

 Calyx 5-parted. Corolla strongly bilabiate, personate, i. e. with a prominent 

 palate to the lower lip nearly closing the throat, the base at the front continued 

 into a dependent spur. Stamens 4 : anthers 2-celled, Stigma nearly entire. Cap- 

 sule opening by an irregular hole near the top of each ceB, many-seeded. 



While the Old World abounds in species, only one or two are indigenous to the New. Even 

 the common Toad-flax of Europe, L. vulgaris, which is a pernicious although handsome weed in 

 the Atlantic States, is hap})ily yet unknown in California. 



1, L. Canadensis, Dum. A slender and nearly glabrous annual or biennial, a 

 span to 2 feet ]iigh, with linear alternate leaves on the erect flowering stems, but 

 the smaller and broader ones crowded on procumbent radical shoots oftener opposite 

 or whorled : flowers small, blue, in a terminal raceme, on erect pedicels not longer 

 than the slender curved spur. 



Sandy ground, less common tlian in the Atlantic States, extending far into South America. 



3. ANTIRRHINUM, Toiu-n. Snapdragon. 

 Like Linaria, except that the corolla has merely a sac-like protuberance or gib- 

 bosity at base in front, instead of a spur. Sometimes the cells of the capsule open 

 l)y two holes. — For N". American species, see Gray, Proc, Am. Acad. vii. 372. 



A genus of several Old World species and of as many Californian ones, none in the Atlantic 

 States, except that the cultivated Snapdragon, A. majus, and the insignificant A. Orontium, are 

 disposed to escape from gardens. 



A. CYATHiFERUM, Benth. Bot. Sulph., is described from Lower California, an annual, with 

 cupshaped seeds. Nothing like it has been detected in the State or on its borders. 



§ 1. Herbs, ivith entire leaves short-petioled or sessile, all hut the lowest alternate: 

 corolla with very protnherant isolate closing the throat or nearly so : seeds not 

 cvpshajyed nor margined, hut rugose-pitted or tuherculate : capsule oblique, the 

 persistent style or its base bent fonvards. {Ours are all atimcals, so far as 

 the root is knoivn ; the iipp>er lip of the corolla spreading, and the lobes of 

 the lower deflexed.) — Antirrhinastrum, Chavannes. 



