Salvia. LABIATE. 599 



baceoiis or suftruticose plants, aromatic and bitterish, of various aspect, many with 



showy flowers. 



A genus of about 450 species, found in all parts of the world, liut mainly in warm temperate 

 and subtropical regions. There are about two dozen speci(;s in the United States, but only two, 

 and of a peculiar section, have yet been met with in the State of California. 



§ 1. Throat of the calyx villous or- naked; its ujiper lip much longer than the loiver, 

 more or less incurved, Z - 2-toothed ; the lower l-parted ; the teeth all spin- 

 tdose-awned : corolla ringent, blue or purple ; its tube xvith a hairy ring inside, 

 and the upper lip 2-lobed : stamens distant from the upper lip, unconnected ; 

 the lower fork of the long filiform connective hearing a polliniferous anther- 

 cell : root annual or perhaps biennial : leaves pinnatifid : Jiowers in solitary or 

 2 to 4: prolifero2is dense capitate ckisters, which are involucrate with piersist- 

 ent bract-like floral leaves. — Echinosphace. (§ Echinosphace & Pycnosphace, 

 Benth.) 



1. S. carduacea, Benth. White- woolly with lax cobwebby hairs : stem stout, 

 simple, a foot or two high, nearly naked, at base surrounded by a cluster of oblong 

 sinuate-pinnatihd and spinulose-toothed Thistledike leaves : head-like false whorls 1 

 to 4, an inch or more in diameter, very many-flowered, equalled or surpassed by the 

 involucrate lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate and spinescently pectinate-toothed bracts : 

 calyx long-woolly, many-nerved ; its ample upper lip strongly 3-toothed, the middle 

 tooth much the larger, the lateral ones distant ; the throat villous : tube of the 

 corolla slightly exserted ; its upper lip erose-denticulate and 2-cleft ; the lower with 

 small lateral lobes and a larger tiabelliform and fimbriately many-cleft middle one : 

 proper filaments hardly any : anther-cells hairy. — Hook. iiot. Mag. t. 4874. S. gos- 

 sypina, Benth. PL Hartw. 330. 



Sandy soil, not uncommon throughout the western and middle parts of the State to San Diego. 

 Corolla an inch long. 



2. S. Columbarise, Benth. Minutely tomentose or soft-pubescent : stem com- 

 monly slender, branching, and leafy below, a span to a foot or two high from an 

 annual root, naked and peduncle-like below, terminated by a solitary or two prolif- 

 erous head-like false whorls : leaves deeply once or twice pinnatifid or parted into 

 oblong and crenately-toothed or incised divisions, pointless, rugose : involucrate 

 floral leaves bract-like and short, ovate, entire : bracts similar but membranaceous, 

 sometimes purplish, abruptly acuminate-awned : flowers small : calyx naked within ; 

 its large upper lip arched, hispid at base outside, tipped with a pair of conuivent 

 and partly connate short-awned teeth, much exceeding the two small and porrected 

 teeth of the lower lip : corolla (blue) hardly exceeding the calyx ; its upper lip 

 merely notched ; tlie lower with small lateral lobes ; the middle one much larger, 

 transversely oval, on a short claw, 2-lobed, and otherwise nearly entire : filaments* 

 slender. 



Common through the State, Nevada, and Arizona, especially southward. Corolla 3 or 4 lines 

 long. Calyx with middle tooth of the upper lip always wanting. This is the " Chia" of the 

 aborigines : the seed-like nutlets, infused in water, form a pleasant mucilaginous drink, which is 

 largely used. 



§ 2. Throat of the calyx naked: anthers ivith only one polliniferous cell; the loiver fork 

 of the connective naked, de flexed into the throat of the corolla, linear or oblong ; 

 the pair more or less united lengthwise or at the tip. {None indigenous.) 



S. cocciNEA, Linn. , an herbaceous scarlet-flowered species of tropical America, with green and 

 deciduous bracts and loose inflorescence, is not unlikely to be spontaneous in the southern part of 

 the State, as it is in the Gulf States. 



S. SPLENDENS, with floral leaves or bracts and calyx also bright scarlet, and S. fulcens, with 

 these nearly green and corolla red-hairy, are the common Scarlet Sages of cultivation : but thc^y 

 seem not to have become spontaneous. 



