SYNOPTICAL KEY TO THE ORDERS. y^[\[ 



* * * * Ovary compound, witl) usnnlly 1 or 2 aiiutioiions [K'liihiloiis ovules in each cell : stvlcs 

 distinct : fruit witli as many lobes as culls, capsular or indehiscent. 



8(3. Buxaceae, p. 66. Moncecious shrub, with opposite entire leaves, watery juice, and large 

 1 -celled (by abortion) and 1-seeded capsule. 



87. Euphorbiaceae, p. 67. Flowers momiicious or direcious (or involucrate and apparently 



[(erfect). Ca])sule .3-celled, 3-seeded. Herbs or rarely woody, witli milky juice and 

 mostly alternate often stipulate leaves. 



88. Callitrictiaceae, p. 76. Small a(iuatics with opposite entire leaves, no stipules, and monce- 



cious solitary axillary Howers. Stamen 1. Fruit compressed, 4-lobed, indehi.scent. 



89. Piperaceae, p. 77. Flowers perfect in an involucrate spike. Capsule 1-celled with 3 or 4 



parietal placent;e and 2 or more ascending ovules on each placenta. Herbs with alter- 

 nate leaves and no stipules. 



***** Flowers in aments, without calyx, monoecious or ditccious : ovary 1 - 2-cened : albu- 

 men none. Trees or shrubs, with alternate mostly toothed and stipulate leaves. 



S)l. Betulaceae, p. 79. Aments axillary and terminal ; bracts thickened and rigid in fruit. 

 Ovary 2-celled, with a pendulous anatropous ovnle in each cell, becoming a winged or 

 angled nutlet. Monrecious. 



92. Myricaceae, p. 81. Aments sessile, axillary, with scaly bracts. Ovary 1-celled, with an 



erect orthotropous ovule, becoming a drupe-like wa.xy nutlet. Moncecious or cUcecious 

 shrubs. 



93. Salicaceae, p. 82. Aments axillary or terminal, with herbaceous bracts. Ovary l-celled, 



with several basal anatropous ovules. Fruit a capsule with comose seeds. Dicecious. 



B. Ovarj^ inferior. 



* Moncecious trees or shrubs, male flowers in aments, the pistillate solitary or few : fruit a nut : 



albumen none : leaves alternate. 



94. Juglandaceae, p. 92. Ovary 1-celled, with an erect orthotropous ovule. Style 1. Calyx 



becoming fleshy, enclosing a bony nut. Leaves pinnate, witliout stipules. 

 9.5. Cupuliferae^ p. 93. Pistillate flowers sessile (1 to 5) in a cup-like invohicre. Ovary 2-6- 

 celled, 4-r2-ovuled, becoming a 1-celled 1-seeded nut in a thickened scaly or si>iny 

 involucre. Styles 2 to 6. Anthers 2-celled. Leaves pinnately veined, with caducous 

 stipules. 



96. Corylaceae, p. 100. Pistillate flowers in a short anient. Ovary imperfectly 2-celled, with 



2 pendulous ovules. Fruit a 1-celled 1-seeded nut in a foliaceous-tubular involucre. 

 Anther-cells separate. Leaves doubly toothed, plicate in vernation. 



* * Herbaceous : flowers perfect or dioecious, with colored calj'x : stamens efiigynous : ovary 



compound, with numerous ovules : fruit a capsule or berry : seeds albuminous. 



97. Aristolochiaceae, p. 101. Flowers perfect; calyx regular or irregular, 3-lobe(l, valvate. 



Stamens 6 to 12. Capsule 6-celled. Perennial herbs. 



98. Rafflesiaceae, p. 102. Leafle-ss parasites, with regular mostly dio'cious flowers. Fruit 



baccate. 



* * * Herbaceous or woody : calyx valvate, greenish ; stamens opposite the sepals : ovary 1-celled, 

 few-ovuled, becoming a 1-seeded berry or nut-like : seeds albuminous : leaves entire, without 



stipules. 



99. Santalaceae, p. 103. Flowers perfect. Ovules 2 to 4, suspended from the toj) of a free 

 central placenta. Fruit nut-like, 1-seeded. Herbaceous with alteinate leaves. 



100. Loranthaceae, \). 104. Parasitic dicecious evergreens on shrubs or trees, with opposite 



leaves and jointed stems. Ovule solitary, erect, orthotropous. Fruit a berry with 

 glutinous pulp. 



Subclass IL GYMNOSPERM.E. Ovules naked upon a scale, bract, or disk, or witliin 

 a more or less open perianth. MoncEcious or dioecious trees or shrubs, mostly ever- 

 greens, with usually rigid needle-shaped, subulate, or scale-like leaves. 



101. Gnetaceae, p. 108. Nearly naked jointed dicecious shnibs. Male flowers in ameut-^ ; 



antliers opening by terminal slits. Female .subsolitary, bracteate, the ovule within an 

 oblong-ovoid perianth, open only at the apex, becoming hardened-coriaceous in fruit. 



102. Taxace^, p. 109. Dioecious evergreens. Flowers solitary, axillary. Ovule solitary, in 



fruit a bony seed within a flesliv envelope or cuii-sliaped disk. 



103. Coniferge, p. IIL Mostly moncecious and evergreen. Female flowers in scaly aments 



beconiino- cones or berry-like. Ovules 2 or more at the base of each scale. 



