^^.^ SYNOPTICAL KEY TO TFIE ORDERS. 



Clv^s II. MOXOCOTYLEDONOUS OR ENDOGENOUS PLANTS. Stems without 



" pith or annular hiyers, the woody fibres scattered irregularly. Parts of tlie flower 



usually in threes and leaves mostly parallel-veined. Embryo Avith a single cotyledon. 



A. Oviiry inferior : perianth conspicuous, colored : herbaceous perennials. 

 . Aquatic, with regular dicccious flowers in a spathe : embryo distinct, without albumen. 



104 Hydrocharidace*. p. 129. Flowers axillary, solitary, with tubular perianth. Fruit 

 imlehiscunt. Leaves opposite or whorled, 1-nerved. 



• * Flowers perfect, irregular : seeds numerous, minute, with obscure embryo and no albumen. 



1(1-.. Orchidace». p. 130. Stamens and style coherent. Anthers 1 or 2. Capsule 1-celled, 

 with 3 i>arietal placeutne. Leaves alternate. 

 * . * Flowers perfect, regular : embryo dislinet, with albumen : capsule 3-ceUed. 



106. Iridaceee, p. 138. Stamens 3, at the base of the perianth. Flowers spathaceous. Leaves 



107. Ama'ryllidaceaB, p. 141. Stamens 6, on the perianth-tube. Leaves not e(iuitant. 



B. Ovary superior or nearly so : perianth regular or none. 



* Carpels united into a compound ovary : perianth colored (outer .series rarely herbaceous) : albu- 



men present. 



108. Liliaceee, p. 143. Stems from bulbs, corms or rhizomes : anthers 2-celled : fruit a 3-celled 



caiisulc (1-eelled in Scoliopiis) or a berry. . ,, ^ ^ . 



109. Smilacece, \^. 186. Woody climber with tendrils. Flowers direcious, small, 6-i)arted. 



Aiitlurs 1 -celled. Fruit a berry. , i n n 



110 Pontederiaceae, p. 186. Herbaceous aquatic, with .spathaceous tubular llowers. Uurs 

 witli ;,'ia.ss-like leaves, solitarv axillary Howers, and 1 -(celled 3-valved capsule. 



111. Aracece^p. 187. Flowers crowded upon a spadix. Ours acaulescent, with 4-lobed peri- 



anth, 4 stamens, and 2-celled 2-ovuled ovaries fleshy and coalescent in fruit. 



* ♦ Aquatics : ovary 1-celled, utricular or nut-like in fruit : perianth none : seed albununous. 



112. Typhaceje, p. 188. Flowers moncecious, in heads or crowded on a spadix. Stems .solid, 



terete, with linear leaves, from creeping rootstocks. 



113. Lemnaceae, p. 189. Very small floating stemless plants, with disk-like fronds. 



* * * Aquatic or marsh plants : carpels distinct or separable (sometimes single) : perianth 



herbaceous or petaloid or none : albumen none. 



114. Naiadacece, p. 190. Carpels few (1 to G). Perianth of fertile flowers of 4 to 6 herbaceous 



valvalc sepals or none. 



115. Alismaceae, j). 199. Carpels numerous, verticillate or capitate. Perianth-segments 6, 



distinct, 3 herbaceous, 3 petaloid. 



♦ * * * Perianth of 6 equal persistent glumaceous .segments: fruit a capsule. 



116. Jiincaceae, p. 201. Capsule loculicidally 3-valved. Seed albuminous. Ru.shes or sedge- 



like, with perfect flowers. 



* * * « « rerianth of 6 herbaceous segments in two dissimilar scries. Fruit a 1 -seeded drupe 



or berry. 



117. Palmee, p. 210. Flowers on a branching spadix, usually .spathaceous. Carpels 3, distinct 



or eoherent. Seeds large, albuminous. Trees, with fan-shaped or pinnate leaves. 



««*««* Flowers in the axils of scales or glumes, without evident perianth, in spikes : 

 stamens 1 to 3 : ovary 1-celled, 1-ovuled: seed albuminous. Sedges and grasses. 



lis. Cyperaceae, p. 212. Scales single. Perianth none or replaced by bri.stles. Stamens ba.^i- 

 lixed. Fruit a triangular or ienticular akeue. Stem solid, often triangular, with closed 

 shoatlis. 



119. Gramineae, p. 2.53. Glumes in pairs. Penanth replaced by minute scales. Anthers ver- 

 satile. Fruit a caryopsis. Culm hollow, terete ; sheaths split to the base. 



