Anejnoj^sis. PIPERACE.E. ^'^ 



From Stanislaus and San Mateo Counties nortliwani ; Arroyo del Puerto (Brewer); near Scars- 

 ville and Ukiah {Bolander) ; Mark West Creek, Bigdow. Chilian forms are also referred to it by 

 Hegelmaier. 



C. SEPULTA, Watson, resembles the terrestrial form of this species, prostrate and rooting, with 

 small narrowly linear leaves. The fruit, however, is on stout pedicels (1 or 2 lines long), with 

 acute slightly divergent margins, and is soon detiexed and buried in the soil. It is allied to 

 C. dejlcxa and C. Niittctllii. Collected in Oregod {E. Hall), and to be looked for in California. 



-t- -t— Fruit sessile {or very nearlij so), with acute or obtuse marf/uis : bracts 



prese)it. 



2. C. verna, Linn. Perennial, with elongated stems and floating rosulate obo- 

 vate often enuirginate leaves, which are more or less narrowly petioled, the submerged 

 ones from spatulate to linear ; sometimes terrestrial and rooting, Avith short linear 

 leaves : bracts often exceeding the fruit, rarely wanting : styles erect or spreading, 

 usually shorter than the fruit, deciduous : fruit orbicular or slightly obcordate or 

 more usually elliptical, nearly a half of a line long, emarginate, and with acute or 

 very narrowly winged slightly divergent margins. 



From San Mateo and Sierra Counties northward, and eastward across the continent ; found also 

 in Europe, Asia and South America. The sjjecies is very variable, and C. stenocarpa, Hegelm. 

 1. c, X. 114 (at Searsville and near Ukiah, horn Bolander, growing with C. murr/inata), appears 

 to be only a form with somewhat obcordate fruit, usually thicker below, and with elongated styles 

 and bracts. 



3. C. Bolanderi, Hegelm. 1. c. 116. Very similar to C. verna, with stouter 

 elongated stems and rhombic-obovate floating leaves : styles elongated : fruit orbicu- 

 lar or somewhat obcordate, Avith obtuse closely approximate margins. 



Near Auburn, Placer County (Bolander); Oregon, ffall. 



* * Submersed perennial, with numerous imiform Imear 1-nerved leaves: flowers 

 ivltliout bracts : carpels separate nearly to the axis. 



5. C. autumnalis, Linn. Stems very slender : leaves 2 to 6 lines long, trun- 

 cate or retuse at the apex : fruit sessile, round, deeply notched, nearly a line in 

 diameter, the margins thin or at length winged : styles long, reflexed, caducous. 



Sierra County (Lcvimon) and north and eastward across the continent ; also in N. Asia and 

 Europe. 



Order LXXXIX. PIPERACE^. 



Perennial acrid herbs (in our species), with creeping rootstock and jointed or 



scapedike stems, entire petioled leaves, and mostly perfect bracteate flowers in dense 



terminal spikes or racemes, without perianth ; ovary 1 - several -celled, Avith erect 



or ascending orthotropous ovules ; stigmas 1 to 5 ; fruit capsular or follicular or 



baccate; seeds with thick coriaceous testa; embryo minute in a small sac at the 



apex of the albumen. Stamens 3 to 6 or more, free or more or less adnate to the 



ovary. Leaves dilated at base or sheathing, without stipules. 



The true Piperacea:, distinguished by a 1-celled ovary containing a single erect ovule and lunoni- 

 ing a dry or fleshy berry, are confined chiefly to tropical or subtrojjical regions and are unknown 

 in the United States, with the exception of a single Prpi romia native to Florida. The Asiatic 

 species are often shrubs or trees, and furnish the Black Pepper and Cubebs of commerce. The 

 Saururem have the ovary 3-5-celled, or 1-celled witii 3 to 5 parietal placentiB, and two br more 

 ovules on each placenta. This suborder includes but three genera, belonging to China and Japan, 

 excepting the following genus and a single species (Saururus ccrnuus) of the Atlantic States. 



1. ANEMOPSIS, Hooker. Yekba Mansa. 

 Flowers in a close conical spike with a 5 - 8-leaved persistent colored invdhicre, 

 each flower subtended by a free colored bract. Stamens 6 to 8, the .shmt fihuucnts 



