Qiiercus. CUPULIFEILE, 97 



wood is said to be hard hut Inittle. A bciuitifiil tree, 2 to 2.\ feet in diameter (Braver), witli the 

 aspect of the eastern Live Oak. Young shoots have acutely ilcntate leaves, anil a specinu-u 

 from San Gahriel (n. 114, Brewer) has very large ones, 3 inches long and half as wide. Q. ob- 

 longifolia of Cot. Mex. Bound. 206 is principally Q. uudu/ala, var. c/riica. 



-i- 4- Acorns maturlmj the second season, the nuts often pubescent or tomentose 

 (in n. 10) within: leaves persistent. 



8. Q. chrysolepis, Liebm. 1. c. 1 73. One of the largest oaks (on the higher moun- 

 tains t)ttc'n low anil shrubby), with flaky ash-gray bark : leaves oblong, acute or 

 cuspidate, obtuse or subcorJate at base, mostly entire on mature trees, on younger 

 ones often sharply dentate or sinuate-dentate, or both foi'nis on the same branch, 

 coriaceous, about 2 inches long and half as wide, rarely larger or in the mountain 

 form often much smaller, at hrst fulvous-tomontose beneath, after a year or more 

 glabrate and bluish or whitish ; petioles about 3 lines long : anients sometimes 

 branched, tomentose, soon glabrate : calyx-lobes 5 to 7, broadly ovate, acute, gla- 

 brous, ciliate : anthers about 10, conspicuously cuspidate : pistillate flowers sessile or 

 rarely in spikes : cups covered with small triangular appressed scales more or less 

 hidden in a dense yellow or fulvous tomentum, very variable in shape and size, ^ to 

 an inch wide, hemispherical and rather thin to flat-saucershaped and very thick 

 with a broad thick rim : nut oval, obtuse, h to \\ inches long and half as thick, 

 often somewhat pubescent within. — Engelm. 1. c. 383. Q. futvescens, Kellogg, 

 Proc. Calif. Acad. i. G7, 71. Q. crassipocnla, Torr. Pacif. \l. Pep. v. 365, t. 9. 



Var. (1) vacciniifolia, Engelm. 1. c. 393. A shrub 2 to 6 feet high, with entire 

 oval and obtuse or ovate-lanceolate and acute leaves, | to 1 i inches long by 2 to 4 

 lines wide, on petioles 1^ to 3 lines long : acorns | to 1 inch long. — Q. vacciniifuUa, 

 Kellogg, 1. c, i. 9G. 



The Californian Live Oak, one of tlio most conspicuous and beautiful oaks of the Coast Ranges 

 and Sierra Nevada thioughout the length of the State, at the higher altitudes often a low shrui). 

 It frequently attains a diameter of 3 to 5 feet, and a tree was found by Prof. Brewer in Emidio 

 Canon 28 feet in circumference and witli 150 feet spread of branches. The fertile branchlets very 

 often spend their force in the perfection of tlie fruit and do not grow l)eyond it, so that the 

 fruit may have the appearance of maturing the first 3'ear though in fact biennial. The pubes- 

 cence of the cups and of the lower side of the leaves is not scaly, but consists of a dense furze of 

 articulated glandular hair. The abortive ovules are ustially found scattered over the sides of the 

 seed. The variety is ceitaiuly peculiar in its habit, and the leaves ajipear to be always entire, 

 but no other difference is discoverable. 



9. Q. tomentella, Engelm. 1. c. 393. A middle-sized tree with tomentose 

 branclilets : leaves oblong-lanceolate, 2 or 3 inches long, on petioles 3 or 4 lines 

 long, obtuse at base, acute, crenate-dentate or rarely entire, coriaceous and strongly 

 ribbed, with revolute margins, densely tomentose when young, becoming glabi-ate 

 above : araents and oval calyx-lobes stellate-pubescent : anthers about 10, cuspidate : 

 acorns subsessile ; cup shallow, 10 or 11 lines wide, fulvous-tomeutose ; nut ovate, 

 about 16 lines long. 



Guadalupe Island, Dr. E. Palmer. Sometimes 40 feet high ; closely allied to the last, but 

 apparently well distinguished by the dentation and stiong ribs of the leaves, and by the pulies- 

 cence, which is only sparingly mixed with articulated liairs. The pubescence upon the branches 

 jiersists for several years. 



10. Q. Palmeri, Engelm. A tall shrub, with small coriaceous and very rigid 

 leaves (6 to 10 lines long), on petioles a line or two long, round-oval, obtuse or sub- 

 cordate at base, with undulate and strongly spinose-ilentate margins : calyx-lobes 5 

 to 7, ovate, obtuse, glabrous, slightly ciliate: anthers 10, emarginate : acorns sub- 

 sessile ; cups turbinate, 6 to 9 lines wide, the minute scales covered by a dense ful- 

 vous furze ; nut densely tomentose within ; abortive o\ules basal. — Q. chrysolepis, 

 var. Palmeri, Engelm. 1. c. 383. 



In the luouutains of San Diego County, near the Boundary ; at Larken's Station and Las .Tuan- 

 tas. Dr. E. Palmer, 1875. About 8 or 10 feet high : leaves resembling those of Q. uudu/a/u, but 



