116 CONIFER.E. Libocednis. 



been separated by Koch under the name of Hcyderia, the chief differences being the third connate 

 pair of scales in the cone, the somewhat differently winged and shaped seed, and the arrangement 

 of the leaves in four ranks. 



1. L. decurrens, Torr. A tall tree (becoming 100 to 150 feet high or more, 

 by 4 to 7 feet in diameter), with scattered lax spreading branches : leaves bright 

 green, in two decussate pairs at each joint, closely adnate excepting the short acute 

 tip ; the lateral without glands and nearly covering the flattened obscurely pitted 

 inner ones: staminate flowers ovate, of 12 to 16 scales: cones 9 to 12 lines long, 

 scaly-bracteate at base, oblong, the lower scales very short, the upper connate into 

 a longitudinal septum, the middle pair oblong, convex, obtuse at the tip, all with a 

 short acute somewhat recurved mucro : seeds oblong-lanceolate, 4 to G lines long, 

 the narrow outer wing scarcely longer, the inner one broad and nearly equalling the 

 scale. — Pi. Frem. 7, t. 3 ; Parlatore, DC. Prodr. xvi^. 456. TImya Craigiana, 

 Ealf. Oreg. Exp. 2, t. T. gigantea, Carr. Fl. Serres, ix. 199, fig. 3-5, and Conif. 

 105. Heyderia decurrens, Koch, Dendrol. ii. 177. 



In the Coast Ranges from Oregon to San Diego and in the Sierra Nevada to an altitude of 8,500 

 feet or more ; in foliage and habit much resembling Thmia qiqantca. The tree is conical in shape, 

 with loose somewhat fibrous bark : wood very light and soit, light-colored, durable in water or 

 under cover, but said to decay when exposed. 



6. SEQUOIA, Endl. Redwood. Mammoth Tree. 



Flowers monoecious. Aments terminal or axillary upon young shoots, of rather 

 numerous spirally arranged scales. Staminate flowers small, iuvolucrate Avith scale- 

 like leaves, with 3 to 5 anthers under each ovate subpeltate connective scale; pollen- 

 grains simple. Fertile aments oblong-ovate, erect, with 3 to 7 inverted ovules at the 

 base of the spreading scales. Cone maturing the second year, woody, oval ; the 

 scales divergent at right angles from the axis, thick and wedge-shaped Avith a rhom- 

 boidal rugose umbilicate apex, setaceous-mucronate. Seeds compressed, oblong- 

 obovate, with thick spongy margin. Cotyledons 4 to 6. — Tall trees, with straight 

 columnar trunk and short spreading branches ; leaves scattered, decurrent, short- 

 linear to ovate-lanceolate, compressed and carinate, acute, the upper mostly spread- 

 ing distichously (especially on younger trees and branches) ; bark very thick and 

 fibrous-spongy, cleaving longitudinally ; wood red, soft and easily split. — Welling- 

 touia, Lindl. 



A remarkable and noted Californian genus. 



1. S. sempei'virens, Endl. Leaves bright green, glaucous beneath, spreading 

 distichously, acute or acuminate and mostly pungent, 6 to 9 lines long and about a 

 line broad ; those on the main stems and peduncles, and usually the lower ones on 

 the spreading branchlets, appressed and shorter: staminate flowers 1^ to 2 lines 

 long: cones oblong, 9 to 12 lines long by a half-inch bi-oad, of about 20 scales: 

 seeds brown, 2 or 2i lines long. — Syn. Conif 198; Decaisne, Rev. Hortic. 1855, 

 9, t. 11, fig. 2 ; NewT3erry, Pacif Pt. Pep. vi. 57, fig. 23 ; Parlatore, DC. Prodr. xvil 

 436 ; Bolander, Proc. Calif Acad. iii. 231. Taa-odinm seinpervirens, Lambert, Gen. 

 Pin. 2 ed. 107, t. 48, & 3 ed. 120, t. 04. Schubertia sempervirens, Spach. 



The most valuable tree of the Californian forests, occupying the Coast Ranges with few breaks 

 from Oregon to San Luis Obispo, wherever they are exposed to the fogs from the ocean, but most 

 extensively northward of San Francisco. In size it usually averages 8 to 12 feet in diameter and 

 from 200 to 300 feet in height, with a straight cylindrical trunk naked to the height of 70 or 100 

 feet or more. The bark is of a bright cinnamon color, 6 to 12 inches thick, and "the wood a lich 

 brownish red, light but strong and durable, straight-grained and taking a handsome finish. The 

 species IS remarkable for its tenacity of life, the roots and stumps of the older trees beino- almost 



