220 ' C0N1FER.E. Pseudotsiuja. 



1. P. Douglasii, Carr. 1. c. A gigantic tree (200 to over 300 feet high and 8 to 

 15 feet in diameter), \\\i\\ very thick brown deeply tissured bark : leaves linear, dis- 

 tinctly petioled, mostly obtuse or obtusish, 8 to 12 lines long, or on robust shoots 

 even 16 lines long, by | line Avide : male flowers oblong-cylindrical, 5 to 10 lines 

 Ion", lialf enclosed in large loose orbicular involucral scales : cones 2 to 3 or rarely 4 

 inches long, subcylindrical ; bracts more or less exsert and spreading or reflexed : 

 seeds triangular, on the upper side convex and reddish brown, on the lower flat and 

 white, 3 lines long; wings 3 to 4| lines long, broadest at base, acutish : cotyledons 

 6 to 8. — Engelm. in Wheeler's Eep. vi. 257. Pinus Douglasii, Sabine; Hook. 

 FL Bor.-Am. ii. 1G2, t. 183; Parlat. in DC. Prodr. xvi^. 430. Abies Douglasii, 

 Lindl. ; Nutt. Sylva, iii. 129, t. 115 ; Newberry, Pacif. E. Ptep. vi. 54, t. 8. Tsnga 

 Douglasii, Carr. 



Var. macrocarpa. A smaller tree, 40 to 50 or rarely 80 feet high, 1 1 to 2 or 

 3 feet thick, with lung spreading branches, and narrower often acutish leaA-es : male 

 flowers nearly an inch long : cones 5 to 7 inches long, 2 inches thick ; scales large 

 in proportion ; bracts not as long as in the tyj)ical form : seeds and wing both 5 

 lines long: cotyledons 9 to 12. — Abies Douglasii, var. macrocarjia, Torr. in Ives' 

 Rep. 28. A. macrocarpa, Vasey in Card. Monthly, Jan. 1876. 



Thi-oughout the Coast Ranges and in the Sierra Nevada up to 6,000 or 8,000 feet, and also 

 northward near the coast, attaining its largest proportions in Oregon, and extending in a smaller 

 form to the Rocky Mountains. A beautiful tree, readily distinguished by its fringed cones, or 

 else by the flat always petioled leaves. The variety occurs in the canons of the foothills of the 

 San Bernardino Mountains, and in the San Felipe Canon, at an elevation of 3,000 to 5,000 feet, 

 with oaks and below most of the coniferous trees. It looks very distinct, but with the exception 

 of the propoi'tions of the cones and seeds no reliable specific characters can be discovered. Tran- 

 sition forms between the two have not yet been found. 



9. TSUGA, Caniere. Hemlock Spruce. . 

 Male flowers a subglobose cluster of stamens, from the axils of last year's leaves, 

 the long stipe surrounded by numerous bud-scales ; commissure of the anthers ter- 

 minating in a short spur or knob ; cells opening transversely by a continuous slit. 

 Female aments terminal on last year's branchlets ; bract somewhat shorter than the 

 scale. Cones maturing in the first year, pendulous ; scales and short enclosed bracts 

 persistent on the axis. Seeds with resin-vesicles on the surface ; Aving at last break- 

 ing off". Cotyledons 3 to 5 or 6. — Large trees, Avith slender often drooping terminal 

 branchlets ; leaves flat or angled, appearing 2-ranked, with a single dorsal resin- 

 duct, conspicuously petioled, articulated on a prominent and at length ligneous and 

 persistent base. — Conif. 185. Piiius, Linn., in part. Pinus, sect. Tsuga, Endl. ; 

 Parlat. Abies, Michx., in part. 



Of the 5 species of this genus, two belong to eastern Asia, one to eastern and two to westein 

 North America. Four of these species are so closely allied that they can be distinguished only 

 with difficulty. The single species of our second section has somewhat aberrant characters. 



* Leaves flat, obtuse, stomatose onlg beneath: pollen-grains discoidcd : cones small, 

 an inch long or less. — Eutsuga. 



1. T. Mertensiana, Carr. A very large tree (100 to 200 feet high), Avith 

 rather thick red-bruAvn bark ; ultimate branchlets very slender, roughish, and Avhen 

 young long-hairy : leaves linear, 4 to 9 lines long and about f line Avide, abruptly 

 petioled, entire or usually minutely spinulose-serrate toAvard the rounded tip, shining 

 above, Avhen young Avith two white bands beneath : male floAvers 2 or 2^ lines in 

 diameter, shorter than the stipe : cones obloug-cylimlrical, pointed, slightly pubes- 

 cent ; bracts truncate ; scales longer than Avide : seeds 1 to H lines long, the Aving 

 tAvice as long or more, scarcely Avidened toward the base : cotyledons 3, sometimes 4. 



