Pinus. CONIFER.E. 123 



or less persistent sheath of memhranous scales, needle-shaped, terete or semiterete or 

 triangular according as the fascicles are of 1, 2, or more, mostly delicately serrulate, 

 with stomata on all sides or rarely only on the upper inner sides ; resin-ducts periph- 

 eral (close to the epidermis) or parenchymatous (within the cellular tissue) or 

 internal (close to the cellular sheath surrounding the pith and vascular bundles), 

 varying in number in the same species ; strengthening cells (thick-walled longitudi- 

 nal hypoderm cells) distributed under the epidermis, especially at the angles aud 

 keel, and often around the ducts, very rarely absent : seeds becoming detached from 

 the wing at maturity, or rarely remaining adherent and at last breaking off. — 

 Pinus, I.inn., Endlicher, Parlatore, in part. 



The lavf^est and, geologically, the oldest coniferous genus, of 60 or 70 recent species, of which 

 24 belonAo the Old World and nearly twice as many to the New. About 15 species are Me.xi- 

 can and West Indian, 11 belong to the Atlantic States, and 15 to the Rocky Mountams aud the 

 Pacitic slope. 



§ 1. Apophysis generalbj thinner, ivith a terminal unarmed xunbo : anthers 

 terminatinff in a knob or a few teeth or in a short incomplete crest : leaves 

 in fives, with peripheral ducts (in our species), their sheaths loose and decid- 

 uous : cones subterminal. — Strobus. 

 * Wings longer than the seeds: leaves serrulate and {at least when young) den- 

 ticulate at the blunt tip : female aments long-pedimcled, erect : cones pendulous 

 in the second year. 



1. P. montiCOla, Dougl. A tree 60 to 80 feet high and sometimes 3 feet in 

 diameter, with smoothish pale bark splitting into square plates : leaves UKJstly 2 

 (occasionally 4) inches long, with 2 to 6 lines of stomata on the sides, rarely any on 

 the back ; teeth very small and distant : male Howers oval, surrounded by 8 invo- 

 lucral scales ; anthers knobbed or short-crested : cones cylindrical, slender, 5 to 8 

 inches long, yellowish brown : seeds pale, 3 to 3| inches long ; wings twice as long, 

 widest in the middle, pointed: cotyledons 6 to 9.— Lamb. Pin. 2 ed. in. t. G7 ; 

 Loud. Arbor, iv. 2291, tig.; Parlat. in DC. Prodr. xvi^. 405. 



On the higher Sierra Nevada, from 7,000 or 8,000 to 10,000 feet altitude, from the Calavei-as 

 and Mount Raymond northward ;. connnon in the Shasta region and on the Tiinity Mountams, 

 and extending to Oregon and Washington Territory. It is the western representative of the 

 northeastern White Pine, from which it may be readily distinguished by the larger cones and 

 stitter an.l much less serrulate leaves, in which strengthening .ells un.lerlie almost the whole 

 eiiidermis (but do not surround the ducts), while they are absent in the sotter leaves ot F. blrobus. 

 The wood is said to be white and soft, as in the White Pine. 



2. P. Lambertiana, Dougl. A tree of gigantic dimensions, 150 to 300 feet 

 high and 10 to 20 feet in diameter, with light-brown smoothish bark splitting in 

 small sections : leaves 31 to 4 inches long, rigid, with 5 or 6 lines of stomata oil 

 each of the 3 sides: male flowers oval, half an inch long, with 10 to 15 mvolucral 

 scales; anthers denticulate-crested: cones cylindrical, bright brown, 12 to 18 inches 

 long and 3 or 4 inches wide, on peduncles 3 inches in length : seeds smooth, black, 

 lines long ; wing not quite twice as long, widest below the middle, obtuse : coty- 

 ledons 13 to 15. — Linn. Trans, xv. 500 ; Lamb. 1. c, t. 08, 69 ; Loud. Arbor i v. 

 2288, tig.; Nutt. Sylva, iii. 122, t. 114; Xewberry, Pacif. K. Pep. vi. 42, lig. 14 ; 

 Parlat. 1. c. 406. 



iStrentfthening cells under the whole epuli _ . ,, , i * i 



the White Pine and similarly used. The exudation from the partially burned tree 1om.> 

 resinous qualities and accpiires a sweetness similar to that of sugar or manna, lorwhicl. it i.^ somi 

 times used, whence the name of " Sugar Pine." 



