224 CYPERACE.E. Fimhristijlis. 



triangular, J of a line long, usually bearing the small deltoid tubercle. — Manual, 

 567; Benth. Fl, Austr. vii. 322, Scirpus capillaris, Linn.; Boeck. Linn«a, 

 xxxvi. 759. 



In the Yosemite Valley (Bolander) ; Oregon (//«?/) ; Arizona. (Eolhrock) ; coiiirnon eastward, as 

 well as in most tropical and subtropical regions. 



* * Spikes clustered: style 2-cleft, slender : nutlet lenticular, icithout tubercle. 



4. F. apus. Annual, cespitose, dwarf, and nearly acaulescent : leaves and in- 

 volucral bracts an inch or two long, light green, flat-hliform, roughish, with whitish 

 dilated bases : spikelets in nearly sessile clusters, lanceolate, 2 lines long ; scales 

 lanceolate, acuminate, pale and thin with a strong midvein : stamen 1 : nutlet obo- 

 vate, nearly white, very faintly tuberculate. — Scirpus apus, Gray, Proc. Amer. 

 Acad. X. 78. 



Shores of Clear Lake, Bolander. 



r. JUNX'iFoiiMis, Kiuith {F. hrcvifolia, Presl, Rel. Hrenk. i. 192, changed to F. hrachyphyllu, 

 1. c. 351 ; F. Hienkei, Dietr.), is an East Indian species with small clustered spikes in an open 

 umbel, and a very small triangular tuberculate nutlet ; though reported as from Monterey in 

 Haenke's collection it is probably not Californian. 



7. CLADIUM, P. Browne. Saw-Grass. 

 Spikelets small, usually clustered, in terminal and lateral mostly compound 

 corymbs, panicles or cymes, of about 5 closely imbricated brown scales, the lower 

 empty, the terminal one fertile, and the one or two below it staminate. Perianth 

 none. Stamens 2 or 3. Style 2 - 3-cleft, somewhat thickened at base continuous 

 with the ovary. Nutlet ovate or oblong-ovate, smooth, acute with the scarcely dis- 

 tinguishable persistent base of the style. — Perennials with stout rhizomes, the typi- 

 cal species w^ith tall stout stems leafy throughout with elongated channelled leaves. 



The genus proper is limited to three species, one belonging to Europe, Asia and Australia, to 

 which the Californian form is referred, and two to the Atlantic States and the West Indies, 

 though one of these (C. effasum or occidentah) is also placed in C. Mariscus by Boeckeler. To 

 these is added an Old Woild (chiefly Australian) group of 15 or 20 species, less leafy or leafless, 

 and with the nutlet usually more triangular. 



1. C. Mariscus, P. Br. Stems numerous, in dense tussocks, very stout : leaves 

 equalling the stem, a half-inch broad or more, strongly ribbed, channelled above, 

 very sharply and rigidly serrate on the edges and keel : lateral panicles usually 6 or 

 8, from the axils of short sheathing channelled triangular-tipped leaves : spikelets 

 light brown, in numerous clusters of 2 or 3, narrowly oblong, 2 or 3 lines long ; 

 scales ovate to lanceolate, usually very obtuse : stamens 2 : upper flower perfect, the 

 next lower only staminate : nutlet brown, ovate, attenuate upward, 1^ to 2 lines 

 long, \v\i\\ a truncate circular somewhat cup-shaped base. — Eeichenb. Icon. Fl. 

 Germ, viii, t. 287 ; Benth. Fl. Austr. vii. 402. 



Var. Californicum. Stems 6 to 8 feet high, with diffuse drooping panicles : 

 lower scales ovate and acutish or acute, the upper lanceolate and acute or acumi- 

 nate. — C. effimim, Watson, Cat. PI. Wheeler, 18. 



The variety has been collected in a swamp near San Gabriel (Breiccr) and in Southern Nevada, 

 Wheeler. Prof. Brewer describes the stems as nearly an inch in diameter at base, and the hum- 

 mocks which it forms as 4 or 5 feet high and U to 2 feet thick. It much resembles the larger 

 flowered and fruited European form, but has reniarkably acute and rather strongly nerved scales. 



8. CAREX, Linn. Sehge. (By William Boott, Esq.) 

 Flowers diclinous. Spikelets monoecioits or androgynous or rarely dioecious, several- 

 flowered, the male simple, the female sometimes compound ; scales equally imbri- 

 cated around tlie axis, 1 -flowered. Stamens 2 or 3. Perigynium a more or less 



