Carex. 



CYPERACE.E. 233 



on the mar-ins, the upper often exceeding the stem : l.raots cuspidate or setaceous : 

 spike pale or ferruginous, nearly linear, simple with oblong sessile spikelets or com- 

 pound and branching, 4^ inches long an<l an inch broad, the branches 1 to 1^ inches 

 ion" or elon'^ated to a foot in length with branches 3 inches long ; scales mem- 

 branous fermginous with broad hyaline margins, ovate, acutisli or mucronulate : 

 peri-vnium ferruginous, shining, coriaceous with spongy base, ovate or deltoid 

 attenuate to an obliquely cut bidentate beak with herbaceous serrate wings and 

 hvaline orifice, plano-convex, faintly many-nerved on both sides, longer than the 

 scale : nutlet ovate, produced at base, biconvex, punctate : style bulbous at base. — 

 Fl. Dan. t. 1116 ; Eeichenb. 1. c, t. 223. 



In salt marshes near San Francisco (Bolandcr, n. 1568 in part), a variety with contracted 

 spikes The species belongs to Europe and western Asia. 



STIPATA Muhl., native from Arctic America to Florida and in the Eocky Mountains to 

 Colorado and' Oregon, is likely to be found in California. Stem 1 to 3 feet high, very sharply 

 an-led and scabrous • inner face of the sheaths commonly transversely corrugate -.spike oblong or 

 lanceolate of many aggregated spikelets, the lower compound : perigynium stipitate, lanceolate, 

 trerint fromTsponly tmncate base to a long slender bidentate sharply n.argined serrate beak, 

 diverging, many-nerved, much longer than the lanceolate acute or cuspidate scale : nutlet chestnut- 

 colored, ovate, produced at base : style enlarged at base. 



^_ H_ Spikelets male at bottom. 

 16 C. lagopina, Wahl. Cespitose, wdth short stohms : stem 4 to 12 inches 

 hicTh' often obtusely angled, scabrous only at the summit: leaves flat, 1 to 1 hue 

 broad nearly equaUing the stem : bracts scale-like, clasping, cuspidate, the lowest 

 rarelv' exceedin^^ its spikelet : spike reddish ferruginous, ellipsoidal or oblong, 6 to 

 12 lines Ion- and 3 to 6 thick, of from 3 to 6 (usually 3) crowded or contiguous 

 ellipsoidal or subglobose spikelets, the terminal one largest, the lower sometimes 

 wholly female, and the lowest subremote ; scales fuscous with broad hyaline margins 

 and green midnerve, ovate, obtuse : perigynium coriaceous, oval or elliptical, with 

 acute base and slender beak, or roundish obovate and abruptly rostellate, with entire 

 liyaline orifice, not winged, fissured on the outer side, smooth or serrate on the upper 

 niargins, plano-convex, many-nerved, longer than the scale : nutlet orbicular or ovate, 

 plano-convex, punctate. — Eeichenb. 1. c, t. 204. 



In the Sierra Nevada, at a small lake near Ebbetfs Pass (Brcicer, n. 2063) ; Uinta Mountains 

 ( JFatson) ; Arctic America and Greenland, and in the Rocky Mountains of British America ; also 

 in Europe. 



17. C. phyllomanica. Stem 6 to 18 inches high, smooth : leaves rigid, a line 

 or two broad, attenuate to a subulate triangular summit, much exceeding the stem : 

 lowest bract filiform, often far exceeding the stem, the others scale-like and shorter 

 than their spikelets ; auricles minute, connate, chestnut-colored : spike chestnut- 

 colored oblong, I of an inch long, of from 3 to 6 spikelets, contiguous or the upper 

 ones crowded, the uppermost the largest (3 or 4 lines long) and linear-club-shaped 

 the others ellipsoidal; scales broadly ovate or roundish, obtuse, chestnut-colored 

 with green midnerve and hyaline margins : perigynium (immature) lance-ovate, ob- 

 tuse at base, gradually tapering to an obliquely cut nearly entire beak, the orifice 

 and long fissure on the outer side reddish brown, serrate above on the acute wing- 

 less margins, not nerved, a little longer than the scales : nutlet orbicular. 



In sv.hagnous swamps near Mendocino City, Bolandcr, n. 4746. Differing from C. hu/opi»", 

 Wahl. in the much longer leaves and bracts, and in the more roughly serrate and sharper mar- 

 gins of the perigynium,^the orifice of which is not hyaline. The lateral spikelets are always 

 androgynous antf not, as in C. lagopina, often entirely female. 



18. C. Bonplandii, Kunth, var. angustifolia, P.oott. Stem filiform, about a 

 foot high, scabrous : leaves i^ to 1 line broad, grass-like, shorter than the stein : 

 bracts scale-like, clasping, the lowest rarely setaceously pointed, shorter than the 

 stem : spike dark brown, ellipsoidal or ovate, 3 or 4 lines long and 2 or 3 broad, ot 

 from 3 to 6 ovoid or roundish crowded spikelets ; scales membranous, broadly oval. 



