286 GRAJ^IINE.E. Stipa. 



the upper sheath, open, 8 to 12 inches long; rays ternate or in pairs, distant, few- 

 flowered ; glumes about an inch long, nearly equal, 5-nerved, with a long subuhxte 

 point : floret (including calhis of 2 lines) 6 lines long, readily deciduous ; lower 

 palet rather sparsely pubescent witli coarse hairs, but with no distinct corona ; awn 

 4 to 6 inches long, seldom distinctly geniculate, scabrous especially above, shining, 

 variously curled and twisied, soon deciduous ; upper palet equalling the lower : 

 stamens 3 ; anthers mucronulate at apex (but not barbulate as described by Trin. 

 & Eupr.). — Stipacetc, 7G ; Watson, Bot. King Exped. 380. iS. juvcea, Nutt. Gen. 

 i. 58, not Linn. S. cajyitlata, Hook. Flor. Bor.-Am. ii. 237, not Linn. /S. occi- 

 dentalis, Bolander, Proc. Calif Acad. iv. 169, in part. 



Mono Lake {Bolander) ; Western Nevada (JFatson) ; Oregon (Spaiddimj) ; ami from the U])])^!- 

 Missouri to Utah, Nebraska ami New Mexico. A pale green species, which presents very ditt'ermt 

 aspects according to age ; when young the panicle, all save its long awns, is inclosed by the 

 njjper sheath ; later it is exserted, with its few rays spreading, but as its florets are early decidu- 

 ous it at that time rarely has anything but empty glumes. It is very near S. capiUafa, Linn., of 

 Europe, from which it differs in its broader leaves, longer and acute ligule, more sparsely flowered 

 panicle, and longer and more attenuate-pointed glumes. The plant cited by Mr. Bolander as a 

 smooth-awned ,S'. occidenlalis is this species with rather shorter awns than usual. 



5. S. setigera, Presl. Culm 1 to 3 feet high, pubescent at the nodes, with radi- 

 cal leaves about one-third as high ; culm leaves flat, 2 or 3 lines wide below, long- 

 attenuate above, rough-pubescent and sometimes ciliate on the margins, the 

 uppermost nearly equalling the panicle ; ligule about 1 line long, truncate and split ; 

 sheaths two, pilose at throat, the lower shorter than the internode, the upper loose : 

 panicle about 6 (sometimes 12) inches long, mostly included below, loose, flexuose, 

 more or less secund when young, the slender rays in pairs ; pedicels shorter than the 

 spikelets : glumes 6 to 9 lines long, long-acuminate, the upper rather shorter, usually 

 purplish, strongly 3-nerved : floret (including a callus of 1 line) 5 lines long, con- 

 stricted below a distinct corona ; lower palet tubercular-roughened, silky hairy 

 especially on the nerves ; upper palet hyaline, scarcely a third as long ; awn 2 to 3 

 inches long, slender, flexuose, more or less distinctly bent above the middle, strongly 

 pubescent below, minutely so above, persistent : anthers bearded at the apex. — 

 Rel. Ha^nk. i. 226 ; Trin. & Eupr. Stipacese, 28. S. avenacea, Hook. & Arn. Bot. 

 Beechey, 403, not Linn. S. Neesiana and leucotricha, Trin. & Eupr. 1. c. 27 and 54 ; 

 Torr. in Pacif. E. Eep. iv. 154. S. ciliata, Scheele in Linnsea, xxii. 342. 



Common from San Diego County {Parry), northward to Oregon {Halse) ; New Mexico and 

 Texas, and in South America. A rather variable species, often witli closely involute leaves. The 

 upjier glume has sometimes one or two additional nerves (" 5-nerved," Presl) ; in the Californian 

 specimens the glumes are generally purple, and in those from Texas they are scarious. The palets 

 differ as to their pubescence, which, so far as noticed, never completely covers the surface. It is 

 common on the Coast Ranges and on the foot-hills of the Sierra Nevada and, according to Prof. 

 Biewer, is the most common and valuable "Bunch-Grass" of the dry hills. 



6. S. eminens, Cav. Culms 1 to 3 feet high, slender, pubescent at the nodes : 

 leaves all convolute-setaceous, somewhat rigid, slightly scabrous, those of the radical 

 tufts about half as long as the culm ; lower culm leaves 6 to 8, the uppermost 2 

 inches long ; ligule very minute ; sheaths striate, smooth : panicle 4 to 6 inches 

 long, soon exserted, somewhat secund, the very slender rays short, in pairs, few- 

 flowered : lower glume about 5 lines long, the upper 4 lines, acuminate, 3-nerved, 

 ])urplish : floret a little more than half the length of the lower glume ; callus less 

 than I line long ; corona short, but distinct ; lower palet hairy throughout, the upjier 

 about one-third as long and hyaline ; awn about 1 inch long, very slender, bent near 

 the middle, minutely and evenly scabrous, readily falling away : stamen 1, small, 

 oval. — Icon. v. 42, t. 467 ; Trin. & Eupr. Stipacea?, 30. 



Coast Ranges and foot-hills ; also from Quito in South America. Often confused with the pre- 

 ceding by collectors, some slender forms of which closely resemble this. The longer floret, with 

 more conspicuous callus and corona, tlu^ pubescenc(! not covering the wlioh; palea, and tlie much 

 longer more pubescent and persistent awu of that species as well a^ the longer glumes and pilose 

 sheaths will readily distinguish it. 



